Core Concepts Flashcards
How do you answer a 5 mark question
Define
Expand
Example
Refer to item
How do you answer a 15 mark question
Point out agent, method, key term
Explain method
Example
Refer to item
Name the types of agent
Family Peer group Religion Media Workplace Education
Name the types of methods of socialisation
Canalisation
Imitation
Sanctions - negative, positive, informal, formal
What is a culture?
A particular way of life of a certain society, they share norms and values
Give an example of a culture
In British culture tea is considered an everyday drink whereas in other cultures it is treated differently
What is a subculture?
A culture within a culture - when a group have different norms and values from mainstream society
Give an example of a subculture
Gangs that exist within British culture but wouldn’t be recognised for having mainstream values
What is cultural diversity?
As oppose to monoculture - has a variety of groups from different ethnicities/religions living together
Give an example of cultural diversity
London has many races and religions in one city
What is social change?
Cultural/economical change that effects everyday life
Give an example of social change
The internet - changes behaviours, spending habits, attitudes
What is a norm?
Accepted and typical behaviour within a culture - they exist because of the values people have
Give an example of a norm
Civil inattention - in British culture avoiding eye contact with a strange on the street is considered normal or polite
What is a value?
The beliefs within a society about what is wrong and right - values underpin norms within a society
Give an example of a value
Wearing a seatbelt because you value life
What is nature?
The idea our behaviour is influenced by our genetics
Give an example of nature
Criminals are influenced by their biology - more male criminals because they have higher testosterone levels
What is nurture?
The idea our behaviour is influenced by our socialisation
Give an example of nurture
Criminals are influenced by their upbringing and experiences
What is a role?
The part you play in society or any social situation
Give an example of a role
Being a parent, friend, employee
What is status?
Your position in the social hierarchy - can be ascribed or achieved
Give an example of status
The royal family members are born with status, whereas a doctor earns his status through hard work
What is a stereotype?
An oversimplified or generalised view about a culture or group of people
Give an example of a stereotype
Thinking all W/C boys are anti-school
What is identity?
How you and others view and describe yourself - can be based on your gender, class, ethnicity, nationality
Give an example of identity
Men are expected to be strong - this effects views on masculinity
What is canalisation?
The use of toys in children to reinforce gender typical behaviour
Give an example of canalisation
Giving a doll to a girl to make her caring
What is a sanction?
An action that rewards or punishes behaviour - can be positive/negative/formal/informal
Give an example of a sanction
A formal negative sanction could be a detention
What is imitation?
Copying the behaviours of others
Give an example of imitation
Speaking the same language as your parents
What is a role model?
Following the behaviour of those who you look up to/have a higher social status
Give an example of a role model
Celebrities in the media
What is an agent of socialisation?
The institutions/ people in your life that teach you certain things
What is social control?
The process of regulating others behaviours preventing the breaking of social norms
