core concepts Flashcards
What are new cells formed from ?
Existing cells
What structures are found in a bacteria cell (prokaryotic) ?
A cell wall (peptidoglycan)
A plasma membrane
*capsule
*flagella
*pili
cytoplasm
70s ribosomes
DNA loop
Mesosome
What structures are found in an animal cell (eukaryotic) ?
A plasma membrane
cytoplasm
A nucleus
A golgi body/apparatus
Lysosomes
Vesicles
A smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A rough endoplasmic reticulum
Centrioles
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
What structures are found in a plant cell (eukaryotic) ?
A cellulose cell wall
A plasma membrane
cytoplasm
A nucleus
A smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A rough endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
vacuole
chloroplasts
plasmodesmata
A golgi body
Why are viruses not considered cells ?
They have no cell membrane
They have no cytoplasm
They cannot respire
They do not grow
They require a host cell in order to replicate
What are the basic components of a virus ?
A protein coat called a capsid
Enzymes needed for replication
A molecule of DNA or RNA
*a vieal envelope
What is the structure of the cell membrane ?
It is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol and glycholipids
What is the function of the cell emembrane ?
It is selectively permeable which means it can control what substances enter and leave the cell, it is also involved in cell recognition
What is the structure of the cytoplasm ?
It is mainly liquid which contains disolved substances and enzymes
What is the function of the cytoplasm ?
It is the site of most chemical reactions
What is the structure and function of the mesosomes ?
They are infoldings on the cell membrane of bacteria cells which contain enzymes needed for respiration
What is the structure and function of plasmids ?
They are circular molecules of DNA which carry additional genes such as resistance of antibiotics
What is the structure and function of the nucleoid ?
It is a loop of DNA which holds the cells genetic information
What is the structure of the peptidoglican cell wall ?
It is a rigid layer of sugaars with side chains, b-bonding allows for microtubules to be formed and peptide bods mean that the cell wall is strong
What is the function of the peptidoglycan call wall ?
It determines the shape of the cell and protect it from toxic compounds and the effect of osmosis
