cell structure Flashcards
what are the similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Both contain membrane-bound organelles, both of their cell membranes are made from phospholipid bilayers
what are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells make up single celled organisms not complex multi-cellular organisms, eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission whereas eukaryotic cells use mitosis and meiosis
what structures are found in animal cells
cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosomes
RER
SER
the golgi body
lysosomes
nucleus
centrioles
what structures are found in plant cells
cell wall
cell membrane
vacuole
chloroplasts
ribosomes
RER
SER
golgi body
nucleus
ribosomes
mitochondria
what are fungal cell walls made up of
chitin
what is the structure and function of the nuclear envelope
it surrounds the nucleolous and chromatin, it has pores to alow the passage of ions, molecules and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
what is the structure and function of the nucleus
contains chromatin and the nucleolus, contains chromosomes, controls the action of the cell and contains instructions for protein synthesis
what is the structure and function of the mitochondria
mitochondria are double-membrane organelles which have their own ribosomes and DNA, the inner folded membrane is called cristae and the area that this surrounds is called the matrix, the matrix contains enzymes, the mitochondria make ATP
what is the structure and function of the chloroplast
chloroplasts have their own DNA ribosomes and have 2 membranes, granum are made up of stacked thylokoids, they are the site of photosynthesis
what is the structure and function of the golgi body
the golgi body is made up of flattened sacs, transport vesicles fuse with the golgi to empty proteins and lipids that need packaging and processing to be sent in vesicles to the right place
what is the structure and function of ribosomes
ribosomes are made up of protein sub-units, they are in charge of protein synthesis and are essential to the cell
what is the structure and function of the RER
the RER has ribosomes on its surface, they are responsible for making and folding proteins
what is the structure and function of the SER
the membrane does not have ribosomes on its surface, they are in charge of making and processing lipids
what is the structure of the plasma membrane
it is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins and cholesterol. The phospholipids heads go on the outside of the membrane and the tails inside, they are selectively permiable and are the attachment point for the cell wall or cytoskeletons
what is the structure of the cell wall
the cell wall is rigid and in plants this is made of cellulose, they give the cell more structure and prevent it from bursting
