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PD/H/PE > Core 3 > Flashcards

Core 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Situational Analysis

A

What has happened, what can be done

Prioritise

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2
Q

Approaching the Casualty

A

Never put yourself at risk

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3
Q

Priority Assessment Procedures

A

DRSABCD

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4
Q

Danger

A
  • To yourself,bystander and the victim
  • From cars, petrol, electrical poles
  • Switch on hazard lights, warm oncoming vehicle, divert traffic
  • Provide
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5
Q

Response

A
  • Squeeze their shoulder, ask them questions

- If they are unresponsive move onto the next step

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6
Q

Send for Help

A
  • Call 000

- Get bystanders to do this, make sure they come back

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7
Q

Airways

A
  • Clear airways

- Inhale Air

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8
Q

Breathing

A
  • Look, Listen, Feel

- If not breathing get them onto a flat surface

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9
Q

Compressions

A
  • Begin CPR 30:2, to ensure oxygen flows to vital organs

- Continue until help arrives

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10
Q

Defibrillator

A

Use if available

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11
Q

What does STOP stand for?

A
  • Stop
  • Talk
  • Observe
  • Prevent Further Injury
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12
Q

PER?

A

Pressure, Elevation, Rest

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13
Q

Bleeding whats happening?

A
  • Blood loss from artery - fast flowing and bright red
  • Blood loss from vein - slower flowing and darker red
  • Blood loss from capillary - slow oozing
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14
Q

Bleeding Steps?

A
  • PER (Pressure, Elevation, Rest)
  • DRSABCD
  • DIrect Pressure
  • Lay casualty down and elevate injury
  • Nil by Mouth
  • Loosen tight clothing
  • Seek medical advice
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15
Q

Shock due to?

A
  • Blood loss
  • Fluid loss (burns, dehydration)
  • Heart Attack
  • Being involved in an accident
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16
Q

Shock Symptoms?

A
  • Paleness
  • Clammy skin
  • Weak, rapid pulse
  • Shallow, rapid breathing
  • Nausea, faintness
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17
Q

Shock Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Reassure patient
  • Seek medical advice
  • Dress wounds
  • If no suspect fractures of the leg, raise legs above level of heart
  • Loosen tight clothing
  • Keep casualty comfortable
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18
Q

Neck and Spinal Injury Symptoms?

A
  • Pain at or below injury
  • Loss of movement
  • Lack of movement below site of injury
  • Tingling of hands and/or feet
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19
Q

Neck and Spinal Injury Steps when conscious?

A
  • Reassure them
  • Loosen tight clothing
  • Do not move them
  • Dress wounds
  • Seek medical attention
  • Monitor
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20
Q

Neck and Spinal Injury Steps when unconscious?

A
  • DRSABCD taking particular care when moving them
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21
Q

Moving the casualty

A
  • Dont move unless extremely necessary
  • If moving is essential follow DRSABCD first
  • If casualty is conscious, talk to them and tell them what you are doing
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22
Q

Medical Referral, send the casualty to hospital is:

A
  • CPR was required
  • Patient was unconscious at some stage
  • Heart attack
  • Neck/spinal injuries suspected
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23
Q

Care of Unconscious Casualty

A
  • DRSABCD
  • When breathing returns, roll into recovery position
  • Support the neck
  • Protect from weather
  • Keep warm
  • Nil by mouth until medical assistance arrives
  • Collect details about injury
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24
Q

Cut and Laceration Symptoms?

A
  • Scraped skin
  • Incisions
  • Deep Wound
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25
Q

Cut and Laceration Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Cleanse
  • Apply dressing
  • Control bleeding using pressure
  • Seek medical attention
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26
Q

Fracture Symptoms?

A
  • Sounds of bones breaking
  • Pain at the site
  • Swelling and Deformity
  • Tenderness
  • Loss of power
  • Difficult to achieve normal range of movement
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27
Q

Fracture Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Control Bleeding
  • Immobilize with sling or splints
  • Observe for shock and treat if necessary
  • Seek medical attention
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28
Q

Dislocations Symptoms?

A
  • Swelling
  • Discolouration
  • Pain
  • Deformity
  • Tenderness
  • Inability to mover
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29
Q

Dislocations Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Support
  • Apply Ice
  • Elevate if possible
  • Seek medical attention
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30
Q

Head Injuries and Concussion Symptoms?

A
  • Blurred Vision
  • Loss of memory
  • Headache
  • Change in size of one pupil
  • Bleeding from nose or ears
  • Abnormal response to commands
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31
Q

Head Injuries and Concussion Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Support head or neck
  • Keep airways open
  • If conscious, lay in the lateral position
  • Do not apply pressure to a bleeding head if skull fracture is suspected
  • Seek medical attention
32
Q

Eye Injury Symptoms?

A
  • Irritation to the ye
  • Watering
  • Redness
  • Pain to the eye itself
  • Inability to open
33
Q

Eye Injury Steps?

A
  • Rubbing & removal of embedded objects must be avoided
  • Lay in the lateral position
  • Cover both eyes
  • Seek medical attention
34
Q

Nasal Injuries Symptoms?

A
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Deformity
  • Bruising
35
Q

Nasal Injuries Steps?

A
  • Instruct to breathe through mouth
  • Blowing the nose should be avoided
  • Apply pressure with the index finger and thumb to the soft part of the nose just below the bone
  • Assume sitting position with head and shoulders leaning forward
  • Apply pressure for 10 minutes or until bleeding stops
  • Seek medical attention
36
Q

Burn Injuries Symptoms?

A
  • Severe pain
  • Possible Swelling
  • Redness
  • Blistering
  • Shock
37
Q

Burn Injuries Steps?

A
  • Remove casualty from the danger or the danger from casualty
  • DRSABCD
  • Hold burnt area under cold running water
  • Remove jewelry and clothing only if it is not stuck to the skin
  • Seek urgent medical attention
38
Q

Teeth Injuries Symptoms?

A
  • Bleeding from the mouth
  • Dislodged tooth
  • Swelling
39
Q

Teeth Injuries Steps?

A
  • If tooth has been loosened keep it in place
  • Control bleeding
  • Seek immediate dental advice
  • If tooth has been knocked out, re-implant and splint to an adjacent tooth using aluminum foil if possible. If not place in milk or clean with the casualty’s saliva and seek urgent dental assistance. Most teeth can be saved if the root is not handles, hygiene is observed and attention is immediate
40
Q

Electrocution Symptoms?

A
  • Unconsciousness

- Electrical wires may be visible

41
Q

Electrocution Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Cool burnt area under cold running water
  • Seek urgent medical attention
42
Q

Cramps Symptoms?

A
  • Involuntary muscle spasm
  • Pain
  • Feeling of local muscular tightness
43
Q

Cramps Steps?

A
  • Stretch the cramping muscle
  • Increased fluid intake
  • Gently massage
44
Q

Chest Injury Symptoms?

A
  • Pain, usually on breathing and coughing
  • Difficulty in breathing
  • Tenderness when touched
45
Q

Chest Injury Steps?

A
  • Place in a comfortable position
  • Encourage shallow breathing
  • Pad the injured area
  • Seek urgent medical attention
46
Q

Abdominal Injury Symptoms?

A
  • Shock
  • Pain in the region
  • Nausea or possibly vomiting
  • Difficulty in breathing
  • Possible blood in the urine or coming from the anus
47
Q

Abdominal Injury Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Loosen clothing in the area (i.e. belt)
  • Lie patient on back. Slightly elevate shoulders & bend knees
  • Nil by mouth
  • Seek urgent medical attention
48
Q

Heart Attack Symptoms?

A
  • Discomfort in the middle of the chest
  • Possible pain in arm and neck
  • Irregular pulse
  • Shortness of breath
  • Shock
49
Q

Heart Attack Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD

- Seek urgent medical attention

50
Q

Stroke Symptoms?

A
  • Slurred speech
  • Blurred vision
  • Pupils may be irregular in size
  • Loss of movement
  • Possible seizures
  • Possible loss of consciousness
51
Q

Stroke Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD

- Seek urgent medical attention

52
Q

Diabetes prior to treatment symptoms?

A
  • Lost body weight (despite increased appetite)
  • Increased urination
  • Increased thirst and hunger
  • Irritability
  • Aggressiveness
  • Possible palpitations
53
Q

Diabetes prior to treatment steps?

A
  • Meals at regular intervals
  • Eat complex carbohydrates opposed to simple carbohydrates
  • Regular exercise
  • Appropriate timing of insulin
  • Avoid large amounts of fat
54
Q

Hypoglycaemia (Low Blood Sugar) Symptoms?

A
  • Rapid pulse
  • Profuse sweating
  • Trembling
  • Hunger
  • Aggression
  • Dizziness
55
Q

Hypoglycaemia (Low Blood Sugar) Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Seek urgent medical help
  • Do not attempt to give glucose or drink to an unconscious patient
  • If conscious, administer glucose and drink as required
56
Q

Hyperglycaemia (High Blood Sugar) Symptoms?

A
  • Rapid pulse
  • Drowsiness, possibly progression to unconsciousness
  • Thirst
  • Smell of acetone breath
  • Need to urinate frequently
57
Q

Hyperglycaemia (High Blood Sugar) Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Seek urgent medical help
  • If conscious, allow the self-administration of insulin
58
Q

Epilepsy Symptoms?

A
  • Rigid body
  • Tightened jaw
  • Some mouth frothing
  • Possible loss of bladder control
  • Loss of consciousness
59
Q

Epilepsy Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Place in lateral recovery position
  • Remove dangerous objects
  • During sleep, ensure the airway is fully open and that they’re breathing
  • Check pulse
  • Seek medical advice
60
Q

Asthma Symptoms?

A
  • Tightness in chest
  • Sweating and paleness
  • Fast, shallow and breathing
  • Hunched body posture
  • Excessive throat clearing
  • Labored breathing
  • Difficulty in exhalation
  • Increase in pulse rate
  • Wheezing noises
61
Q

Asthma Steps?

A
  • Reassure the person
  • Assist the person
  • Monitor breathing
  • Provide water for them to drink
  • Encourage controlled breathing and relaxation
  • Seek medical advice if their condition deteriorates
62
Q

Poisoning Symptoms?

A
  • Headache
  • Blurred vision
  • Vomiting
  • Breathing difficultly
  • Drowsiness
  • Abdominal pain
  • Tight chest
  • Breath smells of fumes or other odours
  • Possible change in skin colour
  • Nausea
63
Q

Poisoning Steps?

A
  • Reassure the person
  • Assist the person
  • Monitor breathing
  • Provide water for them to drink
  • Encourage controlled breathing and relaxation
  • Seek medical advice if their condition deteriorates
64
Q

Bite and Sting Symptoms?

A
  • Marks
  • Headache
  • Double vision
  • Rapid pulse
  • Drowsiness
  • Swelling
  • Tight chest
  • Sweating
  • Change in body temperature
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
65
Q

Bite and Sting Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Reassure the person
  • Apply pressure
  • Bind to prevent venom traveling through blood stream
  • Seek medical advice
66
Q

Exposure to Heat and Cold Symptoms?

A
  • Rapid, weak pulse
  • Clammy, pale skin
  • Headache
  • Profuse sweating
  • Fatigue
  • Extreme thirst
  • Dilated pupils
  • Loss of coordination
67
Q

Exposure to Heat and Cold Steps?

A
  • DRSABCD
  • Rest in cool, shaded area
  • Provide cool water
  • Apply ice to head, neck and other areas
  • Seek medical attention
68
Q

Traffic Accidents?

A
  • Check for danger
  • Call 000
  • Turn of engine
  • Stop oncoming traffic
  • DRSABCD as appropriate
69
Q

Water Environment?

A

Check for danger, if clear

  • Reach
  • Throw
  • Wade
  • Row
  • Swim
  • Tow
70
Q

Electricity?

A
  • Check for danger
  • Contact 000
  • Stay at least 6 meters away from power lines
71
Q

HIV/AIDS

A
  • Transmitted through exchange of bodily fluid
72
Q

Blood Borne Viruses

A
  • Hepatitis B and C affect the liver

- Passed through transfer of bodily fluids

73
Q

Legal Implications?

A
  • Care in assessing the priorities of the situation based on their training
  • Call for medical assistance
  • Keep casualty stable until help arrives
  • Follow DRSABC
  • Don’t take unnecessary risks (never put yourself in danger to help)
74
Q

Moral Obligations?

A
  • Learning DRSABCD

- Could you walk past an incident if you knew you could help

75
Q

Commonsense vs Heroics

A
  • Know your personal limitations
  • Do not over extend yourself
  • Ensure your own safety before going to help
76
Q

Debrifing

A
  • Gathering information about the circumstances surrounding the incident (why was first aid administered)
  • Important to remember to take your time (so everything is recalled)
  • Make your description as accurate as possible
  • Remain impartial
77
Q

Counseling

A
  • Incidents can be traumatic
  • Seek counseling to come to terms with what has happened
  • If not done people can suffer from depression and anxiety

PD/H/PE (4 decks)

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