Core 1 Flashcards
Individual Factors
Knowledge & Skills
Genetics
Attitudes
What are the Determinants
Individual
Socio-cultural
Socio-economic
Environmental
Socio-cultural Factors
Family Peers Media Religion Culture
Socio-economic Factors
Education
Employment
Income
Environmental Factors
Geographic Location
Access to Health Services
Technology
Modifiable Health Determinants
Attitudes Diets Exercise Income Employment Religion
Non-Modifiable
Genetics Gender Age Family Culture
Health as a Social Construct
Health is not solely dependent on an individual due to the influence of our constant surroundings and the products, people a d ideas available to us
What can individuals do to modify the determinants they have little control over?
They can knowledge themselves on how to improve the determinants.
E.g. Someone with a genetic problem of heart disease can knowledge themselves on the right diet and exercise to improve their health.
Definition of Health
A sate of well being encompassing all the dimensions, making positive health decisions using polices adequately and contributing positively to society.
Dimensions of Health
Physical Emotional Spiritual Social Cognitive
Relative health
Health is relative in relation to other people or another period in time (your surroundings)
Dynamic Health
Constantly Changing
Perceptions of Health
Our understanding of health changes over time as our understanding of illness and life situations continue to alter out ideals.
Public health interventions focus on
Prevention
Promotion
Protection
Perceptions of health at an individuals level
Determine the actions they take
Perceptions of health at an social level
Drive the agenda of health strategies and interventions
Perceptions of health as a social construct
Our own meanings depend on our surroundings (social, cultural and economic conditions of our home and community)
Impact of Media
Idols body/health
Conflicting views on food and exercise
Impact of peers
Peer pressure
Value placed on having a healthy lifestyle
Can be realistic role models
Impact of Family
Food given
Their perceptions on a healthy weight, diet and exercise
Place high expectations on young people
Positive health status of young people
Overall trend was positive
Over 90% (aged 12-24) rated their health excellent, very good or good
Areas of concern for young people
Injuries (including motor vehicle accidents)
Mental health
Protective and risk behaviours
Logical as
Risk - Excessive drug use
Protective - don’t take drugs
Interactions between the dimensions
All interrelate
If one changes they are all affected
How health changes over time
Depending on the resources available
Society brought up in
Increased technology and information
How individuals circumstances affect their health
Depending on culture, family, peers, experiences
E.g. A person with cancer after treatment may consider themselves in a healthy sate as an outsider may think that person is extremely unhealthy.
How might a individuals perception of health affect their behaviour and well being?
Someone who thinks smoking is ok will smoke therefore at a higher risk of smoking related illnesses, ie. lung cancer
Why would my perception of health be similar or different to others?
Due to living in the similar surroundings
E.g. The dancers at school have similar education, amounts of exercise, ideals on a healthy diet and have the same peers.
Identify the prevalence of the health behaviours of young people.
Mental health increasing
35% overweight
Motor vehicle accidents contribute to large number of youth deaths
Oral health remaining satisfactory
Prevalence
Number of people in a specific group that are affected by a condition at a point in time
Identify trends of the health behaviours of young people
General health status is good Mental health remaining with little change Injuries/poisonings improving Communicable disease improving Smoking rate improving Sexual health improving
Health Promotion?
The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
Responsibilities for health promotion
Individuals Community groups/schools Non-government Governments International Organisations
Individuals Promotion
Make decisions that impact on our health in a positive or negative way (foods we eat, exercise we do, social groups we associate with, amount of alcohol and/or drugs and decisions to visit the doctors)
Community groups/schools
Health information is made available to groups and individuals which are then used to help individuals to make health decisions
(pdhpe classes, elderly social groups, young mother groups)
Non-government
Responsible for the provision of health information to various specific groups as well as research into health issues. They work at local, state and federal levels
(Diabetes Australia, cancer council, asthma foundation, epilepsy found.)
Governments
Federal/commonwealth government formulate policies (identify Australian health issues, allocate funding, providing legislations) and state governments (plan for health promotion targeted at specific population groups, promote federal policies, implementation of federal policies and legislations)
International organisations
Coordinate international policies/program’s for various countries to implement and countries individually base their own policies on. (WHO, provisions of health info to United Nations Countries)
Lifestyle/behavioural health promotion approaches
Quit smoking program's Health education Reach out The premiers sporting challenge "Don't turn your night out into a nightmare"
Primary preventive medical approaches
Target populations, including those without obvious risk
Childhood immunisation, cancer screening
Secondary preventive medical approaches
Targets selections if the population reporting increased risk
(Free mammograms for women over 50, Pap smears)
Tertiary preventive medical approaches
Targets those people already affected by disease and aims to avoid recurrence of allowing the disease to become chronic
(Asthma management plans, rehabilitation program’s for car crash survivors)
Public health preventive medical approaches
Health promoting schools
Health promoting workplace
What is the Ottawa Charter promotion frame work?
DR SBC D-Developing personal Skills R-Reorienting health services S-Strengthening community action B-Building healthy public policy C-Creatibg supportive environments
Developing personal Skils
Personal and social development through the provision of information, education for health and the enhancement of life skills (can be developed in schools, workplace and community; professional and voluntary organisation, the media and other health services)
Reorienting health services
Moving away from diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitating to the prevent of illness
Strengthening community actions
Empowering communities to implement actions to address their own their concerns
Building healthy public policy’s
Decisions need to be made at all levels of government
Creating supportive environments
Focus on where people live,work and play increasing people abilities within these environments
What are the principles if Social Justice
Equity
Diversity
Supportive Environments
Equity
Allocating resources fairly
Does not mean that all people need the same only that they have the opportunity to achieve the same level of health
Diversity
Acknowledging the variety of groups within society
Catering health resources accordingly
‘One fits all’ doesn’t apply as everyone has different needs
Supportive Environments
Physical, social and political environments
Environments influence people’s attitudes and choice towards health
Healthy environment = healthy being
Environments have a responsibility to create a healthy supportive environment
When was the Ottawa charter for health promotion established
1986
Why was the Ottawa Charter established
The help achieve the ‘health for all’ strategy and led to the ‘new public health’
