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PD/H/PE > Core 2 > Flashcards

Core 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Major bones involved in movement

A
  • Humerus
  • Clavicle
  • Sternum
  • Scapula
  • Vertebrae (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)
  • Pelvis
  • Femur
  • Fibia
  • Fibula
  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
  • Carpals
  • Metacarpals
  • Cranium
  • Phalanges
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2
Q

Types of Joints

A
  • Fibrous: Cannot move, held together by tissue
  • Cartilaginous: Slightly moveable, no joint cavity
  • Synovial: Freely moveable, fluid in joint cavity, held together by ligaments
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3
Q

Gliding Joints

A

Side to side, back to front, movement across smooth flat surface (carpals and metacarpals)

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4
Q

Hinge Joints

A

Suface of one bone fits into concave of another (humorous and ulna)

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5
Q

Pivot Joints

A

Rotation, one rounded or pointed end end of bone articulates with the opening of another (proximal end of radius and ulna)

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6
Q

Ellipsoid Joints

A

In 2 planes, the condyle (end of bone) fits into the ellipsoid shape of another bone (metacarpals and phalanges)

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7
Q

Saddle Joints

A

Articular surface of one bone fits onto the other bone like a rider in a saddle (Carpal and metacarpal in thumb)

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8
Q

Ball and Socket Joints

A

Rounded ball line end of one bone fits into cup shaped socket of other bone (hip and shoulder (very moveable))

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9
Q

Joint Actions

A
  • Extension
  • Flexion
  • Rotation
  • Deviation
  • Depression
  • Abduction
  • Adductions
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10
Q

Major bones involved in movement

A
  • Trapezius
  • Deltoid
  • Pectoralis
  • Rectus abdominals
  • External obliques
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Hamstring
  • Quadriceps
  • Tibial anterior
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
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11
Q

Agonist

A

Prime Mover

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12
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle React

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13
Q

Stabilisers

A

Synergist and Fixators

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14
Q

Concentric

A

Where the muscle shortens

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15
Q

Eccentric

A

Where the muscle lengthens

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16
Q

Isometric

A

Tension that develops in the muscle but does not stretch the muscle (plank, wall sit)

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17
Q

Isotonic

A

Muscle length changes as the muscle fibres produce tension or force

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18
Q

Respiratory Structure

A

Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchiole, Alveoli

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19
Q

Inspiration

A

Diaphragm contracts, air pressure decreases

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20
Q

Expiration

A

Diaphragm relaxes, air pressure decreases

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21
Q

Components of blood

A
  • Plasma
  • Red Blood Cells (RBC)
  • White Blood Cells (WBC)
  • Platelets
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22
Q

Function of the Heart

A

Pumps blood through the body

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23
Q

Function of the Arteries

A

Carries blood away from the heart to the body tissue

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24
Q

Function of the Veins

A

Carries blood from body tissue back to the heart

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25
Q

Function of the Capillaries

A

Small network of vessels which carry oxygen, co1 and nutrients

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26
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Circulation of blood to and from the lungs to gain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

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27
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Circulation of blood from the heart to working muscles and organs to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

28
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Blood flows through blood vessels from areas of high to low pressure
- Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

29
Q

Types of Blood Pressure

A
  • Systolic

- Diastolic

30
Q

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

A

A measure of the ability of a persons lungs, heart and blood vessels to supply oxygen to the working muscles of the body; it also refers to the ability of the working muscles and other organs to utilize this oxygen. (major components of fitness for activities that require continuous movements for long periods of time, long distance running)

31
Q

Muscular Strength

A

The ability of muscles to apply force to an object; affects persons health by enabling them to participate in life without feeling tired or fatigued (major components of fitness for group sports)

32
Q

Muscular Endurance

A

The ability of the muscles to perform repeated contractions against a load or resistance (major components of fitness for activities such as canoeing or doings weights at the gym)

33
Q

Flexibility

A

The range of motion around a joint and can make an important contribution to the way people feel. Stiffness and tightness in joints can limit an individuals freedom of movement and contribute to injury of bones, tendons and muscles (major components of fitness for activities as well as everyday life)

34
Q

Body Composition

A

The human body is composed of bones, muscles, fat and other essential internal organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and liver all of which have specific functions. Balanced levels is extremely important (genetics will affect)

35
Q

Skill related components of physical fitness

A
  • Power
  • Speed
  • Agility
  • Coordination
  • Balance
  • Reaction Time
36
Q

Power

A

The ability to exert maximum force in the shortest possible time. It is a combination of strength and speed

37
Q

Speed

A

The muscles ability to contract quickly. This translate into fast movements of the body parts. An individuals speed is often determined by the muscle fibre they are born with. People have a combination of fast-twitch muscle fibers and slow-switch muscle fibers

38
Q

Agility

A

The ability to change direction or body positions quickly while still maintaining balance. Power, speed, balance, coordination and even reaction time are important components of agility

39
Q

Coordination

A

The result of the interaction between the body’s sense of perception and the central nervous systems. Movements can be practiced so that the neural pathways between the brain and body part are established and/or strengthened.

40
Q

Balance

A

The ability of the body to maintain its equilibrium(it is lost when a person falls over or loses control of their body parts momentarily). Balance is an important component of both agility and coordination. Can be static or dynamic.

41
Q

Reaction Time

A

The time it takes to react to an external stimulus (could be a starting gun or ball thrown at a person)

42
Q

Aerobic

A

Training that is done over a long period of time allowing enough oxygen to be delivered to the muscles (800m run)

43
Q

Anaerobic

A

Training that is done when insufficient oxygen is delivered to working muscles. Tends to be shorter and more intense (100m sprint)

44
Q

FITT Principle

A

F - Frequency of training (amount of time training performed)
I - Intensity of training (How hard the athlete is working MHR)
T - Type of Training (Method used to improve fitness)
T - Time of Training (how long an individual should exercise MHR)

45
Q

Heart Rate

A

Number of contractions that the heart makes in a set time (e.g. 60 beats per minute)

46
Q

Ventilation Rate

A

Number of inhalations or breaths made in a set time (e.g. 60 breaths per minute)

47
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The amount of blood pumped in any one contraction of the heart

48
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The rate of blood pumped by the heart in a period of time (e.g. 4.8 liters per minute)

49
Q

Lactate Levels

A

Lactic acid is a by-product made by muscles when there is insufficient oxygen available to produce aerobic energy

50
Q

Linear Motion

A

An object of body and all of its parts move in one direction, ie. 100m sprint, 50m swim (predominately linear movements) - can be used to build momentum

51
Q

Projectile Motion

A

Movement of an object through air, ie. long jump, shot put

52
Q

Speed

A

Speed equals the distance covered divided by the time is took to cover the distance, M/S, ie. 100m in 9.6s = 100/9.6=10.416 m/s

53
Q

Velocity

A

Velocity equals the displacement of the body or an object divided by the time taken to cover that distance

54
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate at which velocity changes in a given amount of time, ie. acceleration=final velocity-initial velocity/time - important in events such as sprinting and team events when a player must escape to score

55
Q

Momentum

A

Quantity of motion a body/object possesses, collisions/tackles in sport require momentum to gain a result, ie. momentum = mass x velocity

56
Q

Center of Gravity

A

COG is the point where all the weight of a body/object is equally distributed around, it shifts with movement and may be outside the body due to persons weight distribution

57
Q

Line of Gravity

A

LOG is a line that runs through the centre of gravity to the floor and runs through the BOS, if this line doesn’t run through BOS the person will become unstable

58
Q

Base of Support

A

BOS is a region that surrounds a person/objects perimeter when it is in contact with a surface, e.g. the floor (Narrow BOS = Unstable - Large BOS = Stable)

59
Q

Static Balance

A

Distributes the body over a BOS and is held

60
Q

Active Balance

A

Can involve the BOS being moved whilst equilibrium is maintained

61
Q

Floatation

A

The ability to maintain a stationary position in the surface of the water, varys from person to person - body density is a major component to the ability to float

62
Q

Centre of Buoyancy

A

The COB is the centre if gravity of the fluid displaced by a floating object, around this point all the buoyancy forces are balanced

63
Q

Applied Forces

A

Forces applied to surfaces or equipment, ie. running track or barbell

64
Q

Reaction Forces

A

When a similar force opposes it from outside the body

65
Q

How the body absorbs force

A

Through joints, which bend or flex in response to impact

PD/H/PE (4 decks)

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