Core 2 - CQ1 Musculoskeletal + Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Protect vital organs
Provide structure and posture
Support movement
Produce red blood cells
Store minerals

Question 2

What are the 4 major types of bones?

Answer 2

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

Question 3

What are the different parts of the spine?

Answer 3

Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5

Question 4

What are the 3 different types of joints

Answer 4

Immovable (Skull)
Slightly movable (Cartilage)
Freely moveable (Synovial Joints)

Question 5

What are the 5 different types of Synovial Joints

Answer 5

Ball and socket
Saddle (Carpals + Metacarpals)
Hinge (Lever)
Condyloid (Jaw + FIngers)
Gliding (Wrist)

Question 6

What are the functions of the Synovial Joints

Answer 6

Ligament: Fibrous bands connecting bon to bone
Tendons: Muscle to Bone
Synovial Fluid: Lubricating fluid
Hayline Cartilage: Shock absorber

Question 7

List the Joint actions

Answer 7

Flexion/Extension
Adduction/Abduction
Rotation/Circumduction
Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion
Supernation/Pronation

Question 8

What is the muscular system?

Answer 8

Origin: Where the muscle is attached to the bone
Insertion: Where muscle connects to bone further away from the body
Palpation: Feeling the muscles in your body

Question 9

What is the muscle relationship

Answer 9

Agonist: The main muscle which moves (Shortens)
Antagonist: The muscle which relaxes and lengthens so that the agonist can move (Lengthens)

Question 10

What are the Isotonics

Answer 10

Concentric: The muscle that contracts (Agonist)
Eccentric: Muscle that lengthens under tension (Antagonist)
Isometric: Have tension but doesn’t move

Question 11

What happens in the Respiratory System

Answer 11

Body takes in O2 and removes C02
Use O2 as the main source to freeing energy from food
Gaseous exchange

Question 12

What is the Pharynx

Answer 12

The lever which is located in the throat which keeps food and air in the right spot

Question 13

What is the Larynx

Answer 13

The voice box

Question 14

What is the nasal cavity?

Answer 14

Located in the nose which contains hair which filters foreign objects when air enters body

Question 15

What is the Trachea?

Answer 15

The windpipe which is very flexible and expels dust and foreign particles

Question 16

What is the Bronchi + Alveoli?

Answer 16

Bronchi divides to bronchioles and at the ends are alveoli
Alveoli are air sacks where gas exchange occurs

Question 17

What happens during inspiration?

Answer 17

Air moves into lungs
Chest volume increases
Pulls walls outwards
Decrease air pressure
Diaphragm contracts

Question 18

What happens during Expiration

Answer 18

Forces air out of body
Pressure is equal inside and out
Decrease chest volume
Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards

Question 19

What is the Circulatory System (Cardiovascular)? (5)

Answer 19

A NETWORK that distributes oxygenated blood + nutrients and collects waste
Transporting materials to muscle in order to move
Transport O2 to tissues, remove C02 + waste
Protects the body with the immune system + clots
Main body temperature

Question 20

What are the components of blood?

Answer 20

Red: Carries 02+C02, Haemoglobin (Iron +Protein), around the body
White: Protects +immunity
- Phagocyte: Engulf foreign material (bacteria)
- Lymphocyte: Produces antibodies
Platelets: Produce clotting substances to prevent harmful blood loss

Question 21

What happens during the Cardiac cycle

Answer 21

Diastole: Relaxing/filling
Systole: Contracting/pumping

Question 22

Components of the heart

Answer 22

Heart: Circulates blood and contracts rhythmically
Atria: Receives blood
Ventricles: Pumps blood
Valves: Flow on direction

Question 23

Describe the circulation of oxygen through the heart and lungs

Answer 23

Deoxygenated blood come through Vena cava —> Right Atrium —> Right Ventricle —> Travels into the lungs through the Pulmonary Artery —> Gaseous exchange in the lungs (O2 in C02 out) —> Oxygenated blood in through Pulmonary vein —> Left Atrium —> Left Ventricle —> Out into the body through the Aorta —> 02 into muscle, C02 back into blood cells