Coping With Climate Change Flashcards
What are responses to changing environment
Responses to a changing environment are
Animals migrate to avoid climate change
Plants rely on seed dispersal
Climate change is a powerful selective pressure
What effect is climate change having on humans
Climate change is affecting humans because it causes drought which leads to reduced crop yields and starvation
Also, it is drying up groundwater which is a source of fresh water for many
What are consequences of migration
Consequences of migration include
Species may be lost from communities due to competition from invading species as the invading species becomes dominant
Pests and diseases spread to new areas and reduce crop yields
Fungal diseases in a warmer, wetter UK will affect fruit yield and storage
Alien species spread to new areas and thrive
How can climate change affect growth and development of plants and animals
Climate change affects growth and development of animals and plants by
Affecting enzymes , metabolic reactions are affected by temp
Rate of reaction will increase until enzymes denature
Affect reactions in plants and animals, rate of photosynthesis could increase but decrease if temp foes too high
How will global warming impact plants
Global warming may benefit plants in cooler areas because enzymes have more kinetic energy so they will move quicker and more enzymes substrates will form in a given time, increasing rate of reaction but in more tropical areas there may be a reduction in growth because temp is to high and may denature enzymes.
Increased spread of pests could mean more plant deaths e.g witchweed
Longer growing season
Growth of fungal disease increases
What are the categories of changes due to climate change
Categories of changes are
Changing distribution of species
Altered development and life cycles
How are pests and diseases affected by global warming (example)
Pests and dies eases are affected by global warming because
E.g witchweed (parasitic weed) infects cereal crops e.g sorghum and causes huge damage to subsistence farms but they require a minimum temp of 28degrees to grow. If temp increases, it may spread to cereal crops in new areas and cause more damage
What is temperature coefficient
Temperature coefficient is
Rate of reaction at temp T +10/rate of reaction at temp T
It is what happens to rate of reaction when we increase temp by 10
Used to compare how temperature affects enzymes
When doesn’t Q10 apply
Q10 doesn’t apply when temperature is above optimum temp
What happens when temp is above optimum levels
When temp is above optimum levels, enzyme molecule vibrates more, bonds holding it in 3D shape (ionic, disulphides and hydrogen) and bonds between R groups break so enzyme denatures and substrate doesn’t easily fit into active site, slowing rate of reaction.
Why can’t some seeds species be unable to alter their distribution
Some species can’t alter their distribution because
Their seeds can’t be dispersed
Can’t travel long distances (both seeds and animals)
Trees unable to grow,reproduce or disperse seeds quickly enough
Unable to find migratory paths due to urbanisation or agriculture areas
What does a Q10 of 2 mean
A Q10 of 2 means that if temperature of 10 degrees, rate of reaction doubles. This only happens when temperature is below optimum temperature
