COPD Flashcards
COPD definition
COPD, a common preventable and treatable disease, is characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. Exacerbations and comorbidities contribute to the overall severity in individual patients.
COPD Comorbidities
7
COPD risk factors
Particles
Gender
5 other things
Mechanisms of Underlying airflow
Small Airway Disease
Parenchymal Destruction
Symptoms of COPD
COPD diagnosis
COPD classifications based on spiro
Chronic bronchitis
defined as?
for how long?
increase in?
Emphysema
Disease of the?
Characterized by?
Emphysema contributing factors
COPD vs Asthma
COPD vs asthma
End result of both causing?
Therapeutic options key points
5
Therapeutic options smoking
Nicotine ____ Therapy
Pharmacologic 2 options
Therapy options meds
8 types
Therapy options bronchodilators
- _____ medications are _____ to the _____ management of COPD
- Prescribed in 2 ways
- Principle bronchodilator txs are?
- Choice of treatment depends on?
- ___________ are convienient and more effective for symptom relief than _____ acting and reduce _____ and related hospitalizations
- ____________ Of different pharmacological class may improve?
Therapy options inhaled cortico
Regular Tx with inhaled corticosteroids improves?
Withdrawal from tx may lead to?
________ _______ _____ ____ is more effective than an individual components in improving?
Addition of a ____/inhaled corticosteroid combination to an ______ apprears to provide additional benefits
Chronic Tx with _____ should be avoided because of poor?
Theophylline and Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors
Less?
Modest?
Options?
Other tx
Alpha Trypsin, recommended for?
Antitussive?
Vasodilators? What is contraindicated?
Therapy at each stage
Objectives
Emphysema Contributing Factors
Smoking
- Decreases effects of Alpha1-antitrypsin
- Increases neutrophil number in alveoli and release elastase
Emphysema Contributing Factors
Genetic
- Alpha1-Antitrypsin def (Inhibits action of protease)
- Elastase breaks down elastic fibers, Destructive process increases in people with low
Emphysema Contributing Factors
Changes in lung tissue
two sub
- Breakdown of alveolar wall
- Decrease SA for gas exchange
- loss of elastic fibers
- loss of pulmonary capillaries
- Altered ventilation/perfusion ratio
- Decrease support for small bronchi
- Progressive difficulty with expiration
- Air trapping, increases residual volume
- Overinflation of lungs
