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internal 4th > COPD > Flashcards

COPD Flashcards

1
Q

PATHOPHYS CB

A

remodulation of the bonchial mucosae thats irreversible

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2
Q

when does s.o.b occur in chronci bronchitis

A

usually when doing exertion but if it happens at rest its a sign that COPD or emphysema has occured

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3
Q

WHAT chest do we see in emphysema

A

barrel chest

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4
Q

what could x ray show

A

hyperinflation

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5
Q

complications of CB

A

cor pulmonale due to pulmonary hypertension

secondary infection pneumonias

development into emphysema

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6
Q

what can be some tirggers for asthma

A

exercise induced

obesity
stress/emotionaL

FH

dust mits, pet hairs ,
irritatnt sprays

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7
Q

PATHOPHYSICAL MARKERS IN ASTHAM

A

mucus hypersecretion
bronchial remoling
smooth muscle increasing
desquamation of epithelium
eosinophil infiltration
leakage of fluid
bronchocosntirction

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8
Q

when is astham tyically worse throught the day

A

at night

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9
Q

what other codnitons are associated with astham

A

allergy, sinusitis, rhinitis, eczema, and nasal polyps.

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10
Q

any signs that an asthma attack is pending

A

with itching under the chin, discomfort between the scapulae, or inexplicable fear.

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11
Q

signs of an astham attck in children

A

supraclavicular and intercostal retractions and abdominal breathing

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12
Q

which condtin has wide kreoing space

A

asthma
COPD

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13
Q

diagnosis of asthma

A

eosinophillia >4% - not speicif c
IG E - not specific
skin prick test - just to identify allergens not helpful
Charcot crystals and Kurschmann spirales in sputum

ABG - for resp complications usually respiratory alkalosis

spriometeryST

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14
Q

typical ABG finidng in asthma

A

resp alkalois

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15
Q

spirometery finidgs asthma

A

BECUASE ITS OBSTRUCTIVE

FVC - NORMAL
BUT RATIO IS DECREASED

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16
Q

complications of asthma

A

like copd cor pulmonale due to pulmonary hypertension

frequent infections

pulmonary emphysema

17
Q

The 3 described morphological types of emphysema are

A

centriacinar - affects upper lobes , smoking
panacinar- lower lobes assoc with alpha 1 antitrypsin affects alveolus uniformly
paraseptal- involves alveolar ducts and sacs

18
Q

whats a normal smokers cough

A

more copious in the morning and gets less throughout the day, and may be tinged with colour

19
Q

whats the pattern of inheritenc of alpha 1 antitrypsin

A

co dominant

20
Q

when can you obsevre epigatsric pulsations

A

aortic aneurysm
RV hypertrophy sometimes

21
Q

types of mucus in COPD

A

in stable its mucoid with majority macrophages but in acute exacerbation its purulent

22
Q

complications of ephysema

A

cor pulmonale- hypertension
pnuemothroax as bulla burst

internal 4th (19 decks)

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