Coordination And Control Measures Flashcards
Primary goal of airspace control?
Primary goal of airspace control is to enhance effectiveness of joint and multinational air operations.
The exercise of delegated authority over designated airspace and users through control procedures and coordination measures to maximize operational effectivenesss
Airspace control
Determine the methods of airspace control
Positive control
Procedural control
Methods of airspace control:
Requires sensors to locate and identify airspace users in real-time and communications, to maintain continuous contact. Identifies, tracks, and directs air assets, using: (radars, other sensors, ID Friend or Foe, selective identification feature, digital data links, other elements of communications systems)
Positive control
Methods of airspace control:
Relies upon previously agreed to, and distributed, airspace control procedures and measures such as: (Airspace coordination measures (ACMs), Fire Support Coordination measures (FSCMs), Maneuver control measures (MCMs), Air defense ID procedures and rules of engagement (ROE).
Procedural control
Established by the supported / supporting commander on the surface to define lines of responsibility in support of movement and maneuver of friendly forces
Maneuver Control Measures
Types of Maneuver control measures (MCM)
Boundary
Phase line (PL)
Forward line of troops (FLOT)
Axis of advance (AoA)
Objective (OBJ)
Engagement area (EA)
Battle position (BP)
Attack by Fire (ABF)
a line that delineates surface areas for purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or area of operation (AOs)
Boundary
a line utilized for control and coordination of military operations, usually an easily identified feature in the operational area. Used by CDRs to control the timing and tempo of operations.
Phase line
A line that indicated the most forward positions of friendly forces during a linear operation at a specific time. Does not include small, long-range reconnaissance assets.
FLOT
General area through which the bulk of a unit’s combat power must move. Used to indicate the force is not required to clear the AO as it advances.
Axis of Advance (AoA)
location used to orient operations, facilitate changes of direction, and provide unity of effort (terrain or force oriented)
Objective
An area where the commander intends to contain and destroy an enemy force with the massed effects of all available weapons and supporting systems. Used in defensive operations to concentrate overwhelming combat power in a focused area to defeat an enemy attack.
Engagement Area
Defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach. (Attack helicopters use BPs to maneuver and fire into a designated EA). Used in defensive operations to array forces to cover EAs. (5 types: primary, alternate, supplementary, subsequent, and strong points).
Battle position
The general position from which a unit. Conducts the tactical task of attack by fire. (AB uses direct and indirect fires to engage an enemy from a distance). Used to mass the effects of direct fires systems for one or multiple locations toward enemy forces.
Attack by fire positions
A 3D block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. Primarily used for CAS situations for high-volume fire.
Air space coordination area
Employed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces
Airspace coordination measures
Types of airspace coordination measures
Coordination level (CL)
Coordinating altitude (CA)
Air corridor (AIRCOR)
Restricted operations zone (ROZ)
Types of airspace coordinating measures:
An ACM that uses altitude to separate users and transition between different airspace control elements. Should be included in the airspace control plan (ACP) and promulgated in the ACO. Measured in feet mean seas level (MSL)
Coordinating altitude (CA)
Types of airspace coordinating measures:
An ACM below which fixed wing aircraft normally will not fly used to separate fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft. Should be included in the airspace control plan (ACP) and promulgated in the ACO. Measured in feet above ground level (AGL)
Coordination level (CL)
Types of airspace coordinating measures:
A restricted air route of travel established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces. Measured in feet mean sea level (MSL). Various types including minimum-risk route (MRR) and standard use Army aircraft flight route (SAAFR)
Air Corridor (AIRCOR)
Types of airspace coordinating measures:
Airspace reserved for specific activities in which the operations of one or more airspace users is restricted. Measured in feet mean sea level (MSL) Various types: surface to munitions area (SSM), unmanned aircraft area (UA), and restricted operation area (ROA)
Restricted Operations Zone (ROZ)
Coordinating altitude is measured in:
Feet mean sea level
Coordination level is measured in
Feet above ground level
Air corridor is measured in:
Feet mean sea level
ROZ is measured in:
Feet mean sea level
2 Types of Air corridors:
minimum-risk route (MRR) and standard use Army aircraft flight route (SAAFR)
Types of ROZ:
surface to munitions area (SSM), unmanned aircraft area (UA), and restricted operation area (ROA)
Types of air corridors:
MRR
minimum-risk route (MRR)
Types of air corridors:
SAAFR
standard use Army aircraft flight route (SAAFR)
Types ROZ:
SSM
surface to munitions area (SSM)
Types of ROZ:
UA
Unmanned aircraft area
Types of ROZ:
ROA
Restricted operations area
Employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneous provide safeguards for friendly forces
Fire Support Coordination Measures (FSCM)
Two types of FSCM:
Permissive and Restrictive
Examples of permissive FSCM
Coordinated Fire Line (CFL)
Fire Support Coordination Line (FSCL)
Battlefield coordination line (BCL)
Free Fire Area (FFA)
Kill box (KILLBX)
Examples of restrictive FSCMs:
Restrictive fire line (RFL)
No-Fire area (NFA)
Restrictive Fire Area (RFA)
Airspace Coordination area (ACA)
A line beyond which direct and indirect fire support systems may fire without additional coordination. Does not eliminate the responsibility to clear airspace. Should be as close to FLOT as possible without interfering with maneuver units.
Coordinated Fire Line
Established by the land/amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an AO beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior to engagement.
The _____ applies to all joint fires based weapon systems using any type of munition against surface targets.
Fire Support Coordination Line
A USMC-specific FSCM that facilitates the expeditious attack of surface targets of opportunity between the measure and
FSCL. Purpose is to allow MAGTF aviation to attack aviation to attack surface targets without approval of the ground commander.
Battlefield Coordination Line
A specific area into which any weapon system may fire without additional coordination with the establishing HQ. Used to expedite joint fires and to facilitate jettison of aircraft munitions. Does not eliminate the responsibility to clear airspace.
Free Fire Area
A 3D permissive FSCM with an associated ACM used to facilitate the integration of fires. Established to support interdiction efforts, not for CAS.
Kill box
Attack of surface targets with air to surface munitions
Blue kill box (BKB)
Attack of surface targets with subsurface to surface, surface to surface, and air to surface munitions
Purple kill box (PKB)
A specific boundary established between converging, friendly surface forces that prohibits fires or their effects from crossing.
Purpose is to prevent friendly fire incidents and duplication of engagements by converging friendly forces.
Restrictive Fire Line (RFL)
An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are prohibited. (2 exceptions: when establishing HQ approves joint fires & when an enemy in the NFA engages friendlies & CDR determines there is a requirement for immediate protection
No fire area
A location in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing HQ. Restrictions include type of ammo, caliber or weapons, type of fuze, etc.
Restrictive fire area
