Coordination

Question 1

Ataxia

Answer 1

• Term used to combine cerebellar dysfunction on gait, posture, & pattern of movement - error in rate, rhythm, and timing
• Generally wide BOS, sway, seems similar to someone who is intoxicated

Question 2

Hypotonia

Answer 2

• Decreased in muscle tone & DTR

- Common with cerebellar dysfunction

Question 3

Dysmetria

Answer 3

• Disturbance in ability to judge the distance and range of movement
• Can be overestimation (hypermetria) or underestimation (hypometria)
• Execution of movement problem

Question 4

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 4

• Impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements
• Movements are irregular, with a rapid loss of range and rhythm
• Common with cerebellar dysfunction

Question 5

Tremor

Answer 5

• Involuntary oscillatory movement resulting from alternate contractions of opposing muscle groups
• Intention/kinetic tremor = occurs during voluntary motion of a limb and increases as limb reaches its goal (cerebellar)
• Resting tremor = with Parkinson’s (basal ganglia) - decreases with movement
• Postural/static tremor = back and forth oscillatory movements of body while person maintains standing posture

Question 6

Dysynergia

Answer 6

• Movement performed in a sequence of component parts rather than as a single, smooth activity

Question 7

Dysarthria

Answer 7

• Disorder of motor components of speech articulation
• Slow, slurred, hesitant with prolonged syllables and inappropriate pauses
• Scanning speech-melodic quality of speech is impaired

Question 8

Nystagmus

Answer 8

• Rhythmic, oscillatory movement of eyes

- Causes difficulty with accurate fixation

Question 9

Rebound phenomenon

Answer 9

• Specific to cerebellar dysfunction

- Loss of check reflex or check factor (resistance to isometric contraction)

Question 10

Asthenia

Answer 10

• Generalized weakness associated with cerebellar weakness

Question 11

Bradykinesia

Answer 11

• Basal ganglia

- Slowed or decreased movement; decreased speed and amplitude

Question 12

Rigidity

Answer 12

• Increase in muscle tone on both sides of the joint, causing greater resistance to passive movements
• More pronounced in trunk flexors
• Basal ganglia

Question 13

Akinesia

Answer 13

• Inability to initiate movement; freezing episodes

- Basal ganglia

Question 14

Athetosis

Answer 14

• Slow, involuntary, writhing, twisting movements
• Seen with spasticity, tonic spasms, and chorea
• Common with basal ganglia disorders, such as CP

Question 15

Chorea

Answer 15

• Rapid, involuntary, irregular, jerky movements that are frequent and brief
• Basal ganglia
• Common with Huntington’s

Question 16

Hemiballisumus

Answer 16

• Sudden, jerky, forceful, wild, flailing movements of arm and leg on one side of body
• Primarily axial and proximal musculature
• Basal ganglia

Question 17

Dystonia

Answer 17

• Sustained, involuntary muscle contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles of extremities –> frequent twisting, bizarre movements, and postures