Coordinate Systems Flashcards
Divides right-left
sagittal plane
Divides Anterior-Posterior
frontal (coronal) plane
Divides Superior - Inferior
transverse plane
What are the AKAs of the cartesian coordinate system?
Orthogonal
Rectangular System
This system means its coordinate surfaces meet at right angles to one anther
Orthogonal Coordinate System
Consists of 3 axes of motion (x, y, z) that are each formed by the junction of 2 planes
Orthogonal Coordinate System
Movement in a straight line ALONG an axis
translation
Movement occurs AROUND an axis
rotation
Combines rotation and translation (most common motioning the body)
Curvilinear Motion (aka coupled motion)
Axes of Motion and Movement
the potential exists for each joint to exhibit 3 translational movements and 3 rotational movements, constituting “6 DEGREES OF FREEDOM
Junction of the coronal and transverse planes
X-axis
Junction of the coronal and sagittal planes
Y-axis
Junction of the sagittal and transverse planes
Z-axis
Always horizontal side to side
X-axis
Always vertical
Y-axis
Perpendicular to X, front to back
Z-axis
(+) toward LEFT
(-) toward right
[translation]
X-axis
(+) toward SUPERIOR
(-) toward inferior
[translation]
Y-axis
(+) toward ANTERIOR
(-) toward POSTERIOR
[translation]
Z-axis
What hand do you ALWAYS use when depicting the 3D Cartesian Coordinate System?
Right
Postive X Translation
Lateral glide
Right to Left
Negative X Translation
Lateral glide
Left to Right
Postive Y Translation
Distraction
Inferior to Superior
Negative Y Translation
Compression
Superior to Inferior
Postive Z Translation
P-A glide (anterolisthesis)
Posterior to Anterior
Negative Z Translation
A-P glide (retrolisthesis)
Anterior to Posterior
[Rotation AROUND an axis]
(+) øX
Flexion
[Rotation AROUND an axis]
(-) ø X
Extension
[Rotation AROUND an axis]
(+) ø Y
Left Axial Rotation
[Rotation AROUND an axis]
(-) ø Y
Right Axial Rotation
[Rotation AROUND an axis]
(+) ø Z
Right lateral flexion
[Rotation AROUND an axis]
(-) ø Z
Left lateral flexion
What are the plane movements of SAGITTAL for X Axis of Rotation? Head or trunk?
Flexion + øX
Extension - øX
What are the plane movements of SAGITTAL for X Axis of Rotation? Extremity?
Flexion - øX
Extension + øX
What are the plane movements of FRONTAL (coronal) of
Z-axis of rotation?
Right lateral flexion +øZ
Left lateral extension -øZ
What are the planes of movement in TRANSVERSE of the Y -axis rotation?
Left rotation +øY
Right rotation -øY
Two motions happening at once
Coupled Motion
Anterior translation (+ Z axis) Flexion (+øX)
Vertebral movement (coupled motion)
What is the Posterior/Anterior involved axis of subluxation?
Z-axis translation
What is the Body Left/ Spinous Right involved axis of subluxation?
Y-axis Rotation (øY)
What axis does the “wedging” component of a subluxation involve?
Z-axis Rotation (øZ)
What 2 listing systems identify the vertebral body as a reference?
Medicare
National/Diversified
What listing system uses the spinous process as a reference?
Palmer/Gonstead
What listing system uses 3 axis coordinate system, translation and rotation? (ø)
Orthogonal System
