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Biomechanics Exam 2 > Biomechanics of Scoliosis > Flashcards

Biomechanics of Scoliosis Flashcards

1
Q

Curves greater than what angle are often just postural changes?

A

10 degrees

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2
Q

What does the curve angle have to be to be considered scoliosis?

A

> 10 degrees * and accompanied by vertebral rotation

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3
Q

What percent of scoliosis cases are idiopathic?

A

> 80%

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4
Q

What sided scoliosis is most common?

A

Right thoracic

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5
Q

Often caused by some postural problem, muscle spasm, or leg-length inequality, which can often be addressed.

A

Functional Scoliosis

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6
Q

Bony distortion, does not reduce with postural maneuvers .

A

Structural Scoliosis

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7
Q

Scoliosis can begin at any age, but most often develops b/w what ages?

A

10-15

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8
Q

T/F: Boys are more commonly affected then girls.

A

FALSE: Girls are more commonly affected

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9
Q

Can scoliosis be inherited?

A

Yes: kids who’s parents or siblings are affected by it should definitely be evaluated

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10
Q

Who is at highest risk for progression of scoliosis?

A

Girls with scoliosis are more likely to require treatment.

* Angles >25 degrees in girls who have not had their first menstrual period are at the HIGHEST risk.

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11
Q

What is the risk progression of a 10-19 degree curve, with a limited Risser grade (2-4)?

A

low (5-15%)

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12
Q

What is the risk progression of a 10-19 degree curve with a high Risser grade (0-1)?

A

Moderate (15-40%)

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13
Q

What is the risk progression of a 20-29 degree curve, with a limited Risser grade (2-4)?

A

Low/mod (5-40%)

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14
Q

What is the risk progression of a 20-29 degree curve, with a high Risser grade (0-1)?

A

High (40-70%)

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15
Q

What is the risk progression of a >29 degree curve, with a limited Risser grade (2-4)?

A

High (40-70%)

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16
Q

What is the risk progression of a >29 degree curve, with a High Risser grade (0-1)?

A

Very High (70-90%)

17
Q

Secondary ossification centers appear at puberty and fuse by what age?

A

25-30 years old

2=50% ossified
3=75% ossified
4=100% ossified
5= skeletal maturity

18
Q

What are the treatment options for scoliosis?

A
  1. careful observation
  2. bracing
  3. surgery
19
Q

What is the most common treatment option for scoliosis?

A

Careful observation - most scoliosis do not progress and cause few if any, physical problems

20
Q

When is bracing a good treatment option for scoliosis?

A

*Generally reserved for kids who have not reached skeletal maturity, and who have curves b/w 25-45 degrees

21
Q

When is surgery used to treat scoliosis?

A

Used in few cases where the curves are >45 degrees and progressive
OR
when the scoliosis may affect the function of the heart, lungs, or other vital organs

22
Q

What are the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Scoliosis Screening Recommendations?

A

screen girls at ages 11 &13

screen boys once at age 13 OR 14

23
Q

What are the American Academy of Pediatrics Scoliosis Screening Recommendations?

A

Screen at 10, 12, 14, and 16 years

24
Q

What is Adam’s Forward Bend Test?

A

Patients is asked to lean forward with his or her feet together and bend 90 degrees at the waist.

25
Q

What are the Scoliosis screening hints?

A
  1. shoulders at different heights
  2. head not centered above pelvis
  3. raised, prominent hip
  4. rib cage are different heights
  5. uneven waist
  6. changes in skin
  7. leaning to entirely to one side
26
Q

Angle between intersecting lines drawn perpendicular to the top of the superior vertebrae and bottom of the inferior vertebrae.

A

Cobb angle *

27
Q

What is the most common brace or scoliosis?

A

Boston brace (aka thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthosis, or TLSO)

28
Q

Scoliosis Brace: CTLSO

A

Milwaukee Brace

29
Q

What is the success rate of braces used with scoliosis?

A

74% at halting curve progression

30
Q

T/F: Bracing does NOT correct scoliosis, but may prevent serious progression.

A

Truth!

31
Q

When is surgical treatment for scoliosis indicated for growing children?

A

curves >40 degrees require spinal fusion (Risser grade 0-1 in girls, and 2 or 3 in boys)

32
Q

When is surgical treatment for scoliosis indicated for skeletally mature patients?

A

they can be observed until their curve reaches 50 degrees

33
Q

What side effects can be seen with Thoracic Spinal Surgery?

A
  1. loss of kyphosis
  2. may lead to loss of lumbar lordosis (flat back syndrome)
  3. 1/5-1/3 experience LBP 5-7 years post surgery
  4. discs may degenerate below fusion in later years

Biomechanics Exam 2 (8 decks)

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