Cooperation

Question 1

Cooperation

Answer 1

State policies are regarded by another state as facilitating their own objectives.
* There needs to be some readjustment by at least one state.
* Otherwise, it’s harmony.

Question 2

Harmony

Answer 2

Policies pursued without considering others’ interests but still facilitate attainment of goals

Question 3

Discord

Answer 3

Policies regarded as hindering the attainment of goals with no adjustment

Question 4

Cooperation

Answer 4

Policies regarded as hindering the attainment of goals with adjustment and the policies are therefore more compatible.

Question 5

Single Play Game

Answer 5

• No central authority to enforce agreement (anarchy).
• Cannot threaten future retaliation.
• Cooperation is unlikely.

Question 6

International Cooperation in Practice

Answer 6

• Treaties
• Regimes
• Institutions

Question 7

Shadow of the Future

Answer 7

• Uncertain how long game will be played.
• Worry about future retaliation.
• If you defect, they’ll defect in future.
• Doesn’t work if end is known.

Question 8

Tit-for-Tat

Answer 8

Reciprocity.
* Build up trust.
* C tends to follow C; D follows D.
* Someone must take leap of faith.
* Depends on:
* Distinguishing C from D.
* Identifying D.

Question 9

How Many Players?

Answer 9

• Strategy becomes difficult as number of states increases.
• Harder to target cheaters.
• Defecting to punish one state might hurt other states.
• Ukraine war sanctions.

Question 10

What Can States Do?

Answer 10

Make norms very clear.
* Make defection observable.
* E.G., satellites and arms control.
* Promote more interactions.
* E.G., arms control and incremental reduction