Cooper Chapter 13 - Schedules of Reinforcement Flashcards
adjunctive behaviors
Behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior;
time-filling or interim activities (e.g., doodling, idle talking, smoking, drinking) that are induced by schedules of reinforcement during times when reinforcement is unlikely to be delivered (also called schedule-induced behavior)
alternative schedule (alt)
Provides reinforcement when the response requirements of any of two or more simultaneously available component schedules are met
chained schedule (chain)
A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered; a discriminative stimulus is correlated with each component of the schedule
compound schedule of reinforcement
A schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more elements of continuous reinforcement (CRF), the four intermittent schedules of reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, VI), differential reinforcement of various rates of responding (DRH, DRL), and extinction. The elements from these basic schedules can occur successively or simultaneously and with or without discriminative stimuli; reinforcement may be contingent on meeting the requirements of each element of the schedule independently or in combination with all elements.
concurrent schedule (conc)
A schedule of reinforcement in which two or more contingencies of reinforcement (elements) operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors.
conjunctive schedule (conj)
A schedule of reinforcement that is in effect whenever reinforcement follows the completion of response requirements for two or more schedules of reinforcement
continuous reinforcement (CRF)
A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for each occurrence of the target behavior
differential reinforcement of diminishing rates (DRD)
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being fewer than a gradually decreasing criterion based on the individual’s performance in previous intervals (e.g. fewer than 5 responses per 5 minutes, fewer than 4 responses per 5 minutes, fewer than 3 responses per 5 minutes)
differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH)
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being greater than a gradually increasing criterion based on the individual’s performance in previous intervals (e.g. more than 3 responses per 5 minutes, more than 5 responses per 5 minutes, more than 8 responses per 5 minutes)
differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement (a) follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse times (IRT) or (b) is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion. Practitioners use DRL schedules to decrease the rate of behaviors that occur too frequently but should be maintained in the learner’s repertoire
fixed interval (FI)
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was reinforced (e.g. on an FI 3-min schedule, the first response following the passage of 3 minutes is reinforced)
fixed ratio (FR)
A schedule of reinforcement requiring a fixed number of responses for reinforcement (e.g. an FR 4 schedule of reinforcement follows every fourth response)
intermittent schedule of reinforcement (INT)
A contingency of reinforcement in which some, but not all, occurrences of the behavior produce reinforcement
lag reinforcement schedule
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on a response being different in some specified way (e.g. different topography) from the previous response (e.g. Lag 1) or a specified number of previous responses (e.g. Lag 2 or more)
limited hold
A situation in which reinforcement is available only during a finite time following the elapse of an HI or VI interval; if the target response does not occur within the time limit, reinforcement is withheld and a new interval begins (e.g. on an FI 5m schedule with a limited hold of 30s, the first correct response following the elapse of 5m is reinforced only if that response occurs within 30s after the end of the 5m interval)
matching law
The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding across choices are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement received from each choice alternative.
mixed schedule of reinforcement (mix)
A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement (elements) that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence; no discriminative stimuli are correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the element in effect at any time
multiple schedule (mult)
A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement (elements) that occur in alternating, usually random, sequence; a discriminative stimulus is correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the elements in effect at any time
postreinforcement pause
The absence of responding for a period of time following reinforcement; an effect commonly produced by fixed interval (FI) and fixed ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement
progressive schedule of reinforcement
A schedule that systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the individual’s behavior; progressive ratio (PR) and progressive interval (PI) schedules are thinned using arithmetic or geometric progressions.
progressive-ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement
A variation of the fixed ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement that increases the ratio requirements incrementally within the session; PR schedule requirements are changed using (a) aritmetic progressions to add a constant number to each successive ratio or (b) geometric progressions to add successively a constant proportion of the preceding ratio
