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Microbiology > Controlling Microbial growth > Flashcards

Controlling Microbial growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sterilization

A

the absolute removal or destruction of all microbial life and viruses
- All microorganisms must be eliminated
– Endospores are also removed

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2
Q

What is the term for the absolute removal or destruction of all microbial life and viruses, all microorganisms must be eliminated, Endospores are also removed

A

Sterilization

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3
Q

Disinfection

A

destruction of pathogenic microorganisms
Kills most but not all microbes
– Example: chemical disinfectants such as alcohol and bleach

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4
Q

What is the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms (disease causing), it Kills most but not all microbes
an example is: chemical disinfectants like alcohol and bleach

A

Disinfection

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5
Q

Antisepsis

A

disinfection of living tissue
- Requires less harsh of a chemical treatment

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6
Q

what is the disinfection of living tissue and it requires less harsh of a chemical treatment, and kills disease causing organisms

A

antisepsis

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7
Q

Degerming

A

removal of most microbes from a limited area
Example: swabbing a small area of skin with alcohol-mechanical removal

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8
Q

removal of most microbes from a limited area
an example is swabbing a small area of skin with alcohol-mechanical removal

A

Degerming (relocating the microbes)

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9
Q

Sanitization

A

lowering the microbial counts on a surface such that they are at a safe level

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10
Q

suffix ‘cide’

A

an agent that kills microbes has the suffic ‘cide’

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11
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

an agent that kills bacteria

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12
Q

Suffix ‘static’

A

An agent that stops the growth of microbes has the suffix ‘static’

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13
Q

bacteriostatic

A

an agent that stops the bacteria from reproducing

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14
Q

Asepsis

A

aseptic
- this is when an area is free of significant contamination
- Modern surgical technique occurs aseptically in order to minimize infection from operating personnel, instruments and the patient

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15
Q

list the physical methods of microbial control

A
  1. heat
  2. filtration
  3. air filtration
  4. low temperatures
  5. high Pressure
  6. Dessication
  7. Osmotic pressure
  8. Radiation
  9. Microwaves
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16
Q

Name the different types of heating methods for microbial control and the different subtypes in those types of methods

A
  1. Moist heat: boiling and Autoclave
  2. Pasteurization: HTST and UHT pasteurization
  3. Dry heat Sterilization: Direct flaming, Incineration, Hot air sterilization
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17
Q

Heat

A

– Kills microbes by destroying their fundamental enzymes
– Bacteriocidal

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18
Q

How does moist heat control microbes, what are the two types of moist heat?

A

A type of heating method for microbial control
includes: Boiling an autoclaves

1. Boiling: – Disrupts protein structure
– Breaks hydrogen bonds
– Boiling for 5 minutes kills:
» Most pathogens
» Most viruses
» Does not kill endospores
» Accomplishes disinfection

**2. Autoclave: **
– Uses 15psi of pressure and 121oC of steam
– Kills all endospores in about 15 minutes
– All organisms are also killed
– Best method for sterilization
– Used when heat damage is not a concern
– Used for culture media and hospital instruments
– Also used for hospital materials that are able to withstand heat and
moisture
– All liquids must reach 121oC
– This method requires that all physical surfaces are exposed to steam

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19
Q

Boiling

A

A type of Moist heat method for microbial control
– Disrupts protein structure
– Breaks hydrogen bonds
– Boiling for 5 minutes kills:
» Most pathogens
» Most viruses
» Does not kill endospores
» Accomplishes disinfection

20
Q

Autoclave
what type of method is it?
What does it kill?
What is it used on?
What type of physical method is this?

A

Moist heat method for microbial control
– Uses 15psi of pressure and 121oC of steam
- All liquids must reach 121oC
– Kills all endospores in about 15 minutes, All organisms are also killed

Best method for sterilization, used when heat damage is not a concern
– Used for culture media and hospital instruments
– Also used for hospital materials that are able to withstand heat and moisture
– This method requires that all physical surfaces are exposed to steam

21
Q

Pasteurization

A

Does not result in sterilization
- Eliminates pathogens and reduces microbial counts in order to slow spoilage
- Mild heating of a liquid
- Classic treatment is 63oC for 30 minutes

Alternative treatments include:
1) HTST Pasteurization
2) UHT Pasteurization

22
Q

HTST pasteurization

A

-High temperature short-time
-72oC for 15 seconds
-Decreases the exposure time
-Most common today

23
Q

UHT pasteurization

A

-Ultra-high temperature
-140oC for 3 seconds
-Can be stored without refrigeration

24
Q

What is Dry Heat Sterilization and name the different subtypes for microbial control

A

Several methods
* Kill via oxidation

1. Direct Flaming:
* Used in the microbiology laboratory to sterilize inoculation needles and loops
* Metallic instruments must be red hot in order to be considered sterile

2. Incineration:
* An effective way to sterilize and
dispose of contaminated materials
* Paper cups, dressings

3. Hot Air Sterilization:
* Drying oven
* Materials should be kept at 170oC for 2 hours
* Ensures sterilization
* Used for dry materials that are not temperature sensitive
* Examples include: glassware, and some dry chemicals that are sensitive to moisture

25
Q

Oxidation is used by what method

A

dry heat sterilization kill microbes through oxidation

26
Q

Direct Flaming

A

A type of dry heat sterilization for microbial control
* Used in the microbiology laboratory to sterilize inoculation needles and loops
* Metallic instruments must be red hot in order to be considered sterile

27
Q

A type of dry heat sterilization for microbial control
* Used in the microbiology laboratory to sterilize inoculation needles and loops
* Metallic instruments must be red hot in order to be considered sterile

A

Direct flaming

28
Q

Incineration

A

A type of dry heat sterilization for microbial control
* An effective way to sterilize and dispose of contaminated materials
* Paper cups, dressings

29
Q

A type of dry heat sterilization for microbial control
* An effective way to sterilize and dispose of contaminated materials
* Paper cups, dressings

A

Incineration

30
Q

Hot Air Sterilization

A

A type of dry heat sterilization for microbial control
* Drying oven
* Materials should be kept at 170oC for 2 hours
* Ensures sterilization
* Used for dry materials that are not temperature sensitive
* Examples include: glassware, and some dry chemicals that are sensitive to moisture

31
Q
  • Drying oven
  • Materials should be kept at 170oC for 2 hours
  • Ensures sterilization
  • Used for dry materials that are not temperature sensitive
  • Examples include: glassware, and some dry chemicals that are sensitive to moisture
A

Hot air sterilization

32
Q

Filtration

A

Vacuum is used to force liquid through a filter with
very small pores: 0.10μm, 0.22μm, or 0.45 μm
* Pores are too small for bacteria to pass through
* Used to sterilize temperature sensitive liquids
* Antibiotics
* Enzymes
* Some vaccines
* Culture media
* viruses are much smaller than bacteria and
are able to pass through the pores

33
Q

Vacuum is used to force liquid through a filter with
very small pores: 0.10μm, 0.22μm, or 0.45 μm
* Pores are too small for bacteria to pass through
* Used to sterilize temperature sensitive liquids
* Antibiotics
* Enzymes
* Some vaccines
* Culture media
* viruses are much smaller than bacteria and
are able to pass through the pores

A

Filtration

34
Q

Air Filtration

A
  • High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters
  • Filter air
  • Used in some operating rooms to remove all microbes larger than 0.30μm in
    diameter
  • Also used in rooms of burn patients
35
Q
  • High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters
  • Filter air
  • Used in some operating rooms to remove all microbes larger than 0.30μm in
    diameter
  • Also used in rooms of burn patients
A
36
Q

Low Temperatures

A

Refrigeration: slows or stops microbial growth
* Bacteriostatic
* Freezing stops microbial growth
* Only a small portion of microbes will die
* Reduces metabolic rate
* No reproduction or toxin synthesis

37
Q

Refrigeration: slows or stops microbial growth
* Bacteriostatic
* Freezing stops microbial growth
* Only a small portion of microbes will die
* Reduces metabolic rate
* No reproduction or toxin synthesis

A

Low temperatures

38
Q

High Pressure

A
  • Liquid suspensions are treated with high pressure
  • Disturbs protein/molecular structure
  • Kills most bacterial cells
  • Bacteriocidal
  • Doesn’t kill endospores
  • Not sterilization
39
Q
  • Liquid suspensions are treated with high pressure
  • Disturbs protein/molecular structure
  • Kills most bacterial cells
  • Bacteriocidal
  • Doesn’t kill endospores
  • Not sterilization
A

high pressure

40
Q

Dessication

A
  • Used to control microbial growth
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Removal of water (drying)
  • Slows or stops microbial growth but does not kill microbes
  • Microbes can remain viable for years in a dehydrated state
41
Q
  • Used to control microbial growth
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Removal of water (drying)
  • Slows or stops microbial growth but does not kill microbes
  • Microbes can remain viable for years in a dehydrated state
A

dessication

42
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A
  • High concentrations of salts and sugars creates a hypertonic
    environment, bacterial cell will dehydrate and shrivel
  • Can kill some bacteria therefore it is both bacteriocidal and
    bacteriostatic
  • Molds and yeasts are more resistant
43
Q

Radiation

A
  • Destroys DNA
  • X-rays and gamma rays penetrate materials
  • UV and high energy electron beams are
    used on surfaces
44
Q

Microwaves

A
  • Use longer wavelengths
  • Not of high enough energy to kill the organism directly
  • Do not directly kill microorganisms
  • The microwaves heat the water which then kills the microorganisms
  • The high temperatures created by the microwaves are used to disinfect
    materials
45
Q
  • Used to control microbial growth
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Removal of water (drying)
  • Slows or stops microbial growth but does not kill microbes
  • Microbes can remain viable for years in a dehydrated state
A

dessication

46
Q

Vacuum is used to force liquid through a filter with
very small pores: 0.10μm, 0.22μm, or 0.45 μm
* Pores are too small for bacteria to pass through
* Used to sterilize temperature sensitive liquids
* Antibiotics
* Enzymes
* Some vaccines
* Culture media
* viruses are much smaller than bacteria and
are able to pass through the pores

A

Filtration

Microbiology (6 decks)

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