Control Variables Flashcards
The age of the household head is used as a primary indicator for what?
The age of the household head is used as a primary indicator of life-cycle stage.
The age squared is used as a primary indicator for what?
Age squared is used to capture the nonlinear relationship between age and mobility. This captures the propensity for people to move as they retire.
Who are more apt to move, the married or unmarried?
To tap the generally greater mobility of unmarried individuals, one can include an indicator of whether the head is married.
Why include a predictor of marital status?
Marital status are often associated with mobility. Divorce in particular is often associated with downward mobility.
Why include a measure of the total number of children in the household?
Overall, children tend to reduce family mobility by establishing social ties to the community and local institutions.
A measure of family income represents…
Critical to understanding migration patterns and racial differences in migration streams are the economic resources available to families.
What does a education as a variable generally capture?
Education, representing the total number of years of formal school completed, may affect access to information about mobility opportunities, the likelihood of residential adjustments, and mobility preferences.
A variable for home ownership tends to capture what?
Home ownership tends to reduce mobility in general
A variable for persons per room tends to capture what?
Household crowding may provide the impetus to move
When looking at poverty and mobility, why is it important to include a measure indicating the percentage of the tract-of-origin population with incomes blow the poverty level?
As a result, the economic conditions of the tract of origin are likely to be related to its spatial proximity to poor or nonpoor tracts. And, because mobility is distance dependent, with most residential moves covering a relatively short distance, this relative proximity to poor and nonpoor tracts is likely to affect the probability of moving between these types of tracts.
How do you capture regional differences in ecological structures, patterns of growth, economic conditions, and overall mobility rates?
Use a set of dummy variables indicating residence in the Northeast, Midwest, South, or West (the omitted category).
Why measure employment status of the householder?
Measuring employment status is a variable that taps the socioeconomic condition of the household.
What does the variable length of residence observe?
The longer households stay in their homes the less likely they are to move. This is generally measured by respondents who live in their household three or more years.
By controlling for the natural log of population size and the percentage of each minority group you account for what ecological relationships?
Larger cities and cities with larger minority populations tend to be more segregated.
By measuring the percentage of each MA’s residents that are elderly, in college dormitories,8 and in the armed forces you capture what?
The three types of MA “functional specialization”: retirement, university, and military communities (Logan, Stults, Farley 2004).
