control of variables Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between extraneous and confounding variables?

A

> an extraneous variable is all the possible variables which might interfere with the DV,
whereas the confounding variable is one which has definitely interfered with the DV.

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2
Q

what is a participant variable and an example of one

A

differences between participants that may affect the DV (e.g - age, gender)

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3
Q

what is a situational variable and an example of one

A

features of the experiment design that may affect the DV (e.g - noise level, instructions, temperature)

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4
Q

what is mundane realism?

A

degree to which the materials and procedures involved in an experiment are similar to events that occur in the real world
(how a study mirrors the real world)

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5
Q

what is an example of mundane realism?

A

an experiment where participants are asked to read a news article on local politics in another country, has MUNDANE REALISM

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6
Q

define validity

A

whether the observed effect is a genuine one

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7
Q

what are the two types of validity - define each one

A

> internal validity - is about control and realism
external validity - is about generalising the results to other people and situations

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8
Q

what are the three types of external validity?

A

ecological
population
historical

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9
Q

what is ecological validity?

A

generalising the results to another envt (e.g - lab setting to school setting)

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10
Q

what is population validity?

A

generalising the results to all types of people (e.g - culture, age, gender)

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11
Q

what are demand characteristics?

A

when a clue from the research situation allows the participant to guess the aim of the study

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12
Q

what are investigator effects?

A

any effect of the investigators behaviour (consciously or unconsciously) that effects the outcome

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13
Q

what is randomisation?

A

using ‘chance’ where ever possible to reduce the researcher’s influence on the design of the investigation

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14
Q

what are examples of using randomisation?

A
  • producing the order in which participants do a task
  • randomising the order of words in a list
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15
Q

what is standardisation?

A

all participants being subject to the same environment, instructions and experience

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16
Q

what is historical validity?

A

generalising the findings to people today