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Microbiology Lecture Exam #2 > Control Of Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Control Of Microbial Growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is sterilization?

A

destruction of all forms of life

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2
Q

What is disinfection?

A

destruction of only vegetative pathogens

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3
Q

What is antisepsis?

A

destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue

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4
Q

What does bactericidal mean?

A

kills microbes

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5
Q

What does bacteriostatic mean?

A

temporarily inhibits growth

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6
Q

What are the five physical methods of control?

A
  1. heat 2. cold 3. filtration 4. desiccation 5. radiation
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7
Q

Wha are the two types of heat?

A
  1. dry heat 2. moist heat
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8
Q

What is the action of dry heat?

A

oxidizes cell components

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9
Q

What does dry heat achieve?

A

sterilization

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10
Q

What are two examples of dry heat?

A

incineration and dry oven

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11
Q

What are the parameters of a dry oven?

A

171C for 1 hour

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12
Q

What is the action of moist heat?

A

steam coagulates cell components

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13
Q

What are three examples of moist heat?

A
  1. autoclaving 2. boiling 3. pasteurization
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14
Q

What is autoclaving?

A

steam under pressure

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15
Q

What does autoclaving achieve?

A

sterilization

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16
Q

What are the parameters of autoclaving?

A

121C for 15 minutes with 15 psi

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17
Q

What does boiling achieve?

A

disinfection

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18
Q

What are the parameters of boiling?

A

100C for 30 min

19
Q

What is pasteurization?

A

high temperatures to kill microbes in food

20
Q

What does pasteurization achieve?

A

reduction of microbes

21
Q

What is the classical method of pasteurization?

A

63C for 30 min

22
Q

What is the HTST method of pasteurization?

A

High Temp. Short Time; 72C for 15 sec

23
Q

What is the UHT method of pasteurization?

A

Ultra High Temp 140C FOR 3 SEC

24
Q

What does cold do to bacteria?

A

Bacteriostatic; reduces metabolic rate

25
Q

What are examples of cold and their parameters?

A

refrigerator: 0-7C; freezer: -5C or lower

26
Q

What is filtration?

A

removal of microbes from a suspension using a porous barrier

27
Q

What are the two types of filtration?

A

High Efficiency Particulate Air filters and membrane filters

28
Q

Where do High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters remove microbes from?

A

the air

29
Q

Where do Membrane filters remove microbes from?

A

liquid

30
Q

What is desiccation?

A

removal of water

31
Q

Is desiccation bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

bacteriostatic

32
Q

What are two examples of desiccation?

A

drying, hypertonic environments

33
Q

In tradition ____ the wavelength, _____ the energy

A

shorter, greater

34
Q

What are the two types of radiation?

A

ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation

35
Q

What is ionizing radiation?

A

produces high energy ions that damage the cell

36
Q

What are two examples of ionizing radiation?

A

X-rays and gamma rays

37
Q

What is non-ionizing radiation?

A

UV

38
Q

What are the wavelengths of UV?

A

15-400 nm

39
Q

What does UV target?

A

DNA at 260nm

40
Q

What is the action of UV?

A

induces thymine dimers in DNA which causes mutation or death

41
Q

What does UV achieve?

A

disinfection

42
Q

What is the limitation of UV?

A

doesn’t penetrate well

43
Q

What are the three actions of anti-microbial agents?

A
  1. alteration of membrane 2. damage proteins 3. damage nucleic acids
44
Q

What are the 9 types of disinfectants/antiseptics?

A
  1. phenol and phenolics 2. biguanides 3. aldehydes 4. ethylene oxide 5. halogens 6. alcohols 7. heavy metals 8. peroxides 9. surface- active agents

Microbiology Lecture Exam #2 (4 decks)

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