Antimicrobial Drugs

Question 1

What are antibiotics?

Answer 1

antimicrobial substances produced by microorganisms

Question 2

What are the major genera of antibiotics?

Answer 2

1. Penicillium (fungi) 2. Celphalosporium (fungi) 3. Streptomyces (actinomycetes) 4. Micromonospora (actinomycetes) 5. Bacillus (Gram + bacteria)

Question 3

What does narrow spectrum mean?

Answer 3

Only a certain group is affected

Question 4

What does broad spectrum mean?

Answer 4

multiple groups affected (Gram + and -)

Question 5

Which drug class create inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis?

Answer 5

Rifamycin, Quinolone and Fluorquinolones

Question 6

Which groups of drugs are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis?

Answer 6

1. penicillin, 2. Cephalosporins 3. polypeptide antibiotics 4. antimycobacterial antibiotics

Question 7

What are the inhibitors of protein synthesis?

Answer 7

Chloramphenicol, ahminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides

Question 8

What causes injury to the plasma membrane?

Answer 8

polymyxin b

Question 9

What causes the inhibition of synthesis of essential metabolites?

Answer 9

sulfonamides

Question 10

What are the four mechanisms of resistance?

Answer 10

1. prevent penetration of antibiotic 2. enzymatic destruction or inactivation of antibiotic 3. alter antibiotic’s target site 4. eject antibiotic with efflux pumps

Question 11

What are the four ways to control resistance?

Answer 11

1. use correct dosage and complete the dosage 2. avoid outdated, weakened antibiotics 3. eliminate indiscriminate use 4. combination drug therapy

Question 12

What are the three antiviral drugs?

Answer 12

1. nucleoside and nucleotide analogs 2. enzyme inhibitors 3. interferon