Control of microbes

Question 1

process to promote and establish conditions which minimize or eliminate biohazards

Answer 1

Sanitation

Question 2

a process of completely removing or destroying all life forms and their products including endospores

Answer 2

Sterilization

Question 3

the destruction or inhibition of disease-causing microorganisms by chemical or physical means

Answer 3

Disinfection

Question 4

the prevention or inhibition of the growth of causative microorganisms

Answer 4

Antisepsis

Question 5

manual process by which microorganisms are removed from a surface

Answer 5

Scrubbing

Question 6

form of sterilization that reduces waste to a more manageable amount and form ashes

Answer 6

Incineration

Question 7

a form of incineration for human remains.

Answer 7

Cremation

Question 8

What are the proper conditions for cremation to be fully sterile

Answer 8

1600F and many hours

Question 9

What are the forms of dry heat sterilization?

Answer 9

-Incineration
-Cremation
-Hot air

Question 10

will sterilize water that does not contain endospores and kill vegetative bacteria, most viruses, and fungi

Answer 10

Boiling

Question 11

materials are incubated overnight to allow endospores to germinate then the objects are introduced to free-flowing steam the next day and this process is repeated

Answer 11

Free-Flowing steam

Question 12

an autoclave machine is used to control microbial growth

Answer 12

Steam under pressure

Question 13

What are the forms of moist heat sterilization?

Answer 13

-Boiling
-Free-flowing steam
-Steam under pressure

Question 14

refrigeration or freezing (do not always destroy vegetative microbes or endospores)

Answer 14

Cold

Question 15

a form of non ionizing radiation that can control microorganism growth.
-Must be directly exposed to be effective
-Some organisms are resistant

Answer 15

Ultraviolet light

Question 16

What are the physical forms of microbial control?

Answer 16

-Scrubbing
-Dry heat
-Moist heat
-Cold
-Light

Question 17

a substance that destroys microorganisms

Answer 17

Germicide

Question 18

An agent that destroys bacteria but not necessarily their spores

Answer 18

Bactericide

Question 19

a substance that kills fungi

Answer 19

Fungicide

Question 20

An agent destructive to viruses

Answer 20

Virucide

Question 21

What are the types of chemical forms of microbial control?

Answer 21

-Disinfectant
-Germicide
-Bactericide
-Fungicide
-Virucide

Question 22

disinfect by oxidizing microbial cells; generally very caustic and aggressive

Answer 22

Halogens

Question 23

Chlorine-containing compounds

Answer 23

Hypochlorites (bleaches)

Question 24

Compounds containing iodine which is often used as a preoperative skin disinfectant

Answer 24

Iodophores

Question 25

Control microbial growth by denaturing proteins and dissolving lipids. -Often added to other disinfectants to enhance germicidal power -Do not kill endospores -Ethyl and Isopropyl

Answer 25

Alcohols

Question 26

liquid formaldehyde solution -37% by mass, 40% by volume

Answer 26

Formalin

Question 27

Aldehyde based solution that is an effective disinfectant and a cold chemical sterilant when activated in 2% solution. -Germicidal in 10 minutes -Kills endospores in 3-12 hours -Can be used to sterilize when heat is not appropriate

Answer 27

Glutaraldehyde

Question 28

Control microbes by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes; generally not effective in killing endospores

Answer 28

Phenolic compounds

Question 29

Slightly acidic, sweet odor, flammable

Answer 29

Phenol (carbonic acid)

Question 30

Derived from toluene, common disinfectant

Answer 30

Cresols (lysol)

Question 31

Common embalming chemical ingredient + germicide

Answer 31

Hexachlorophene

Question 32

Disinfect by damaging cellular membranes and denaturing proteins. -Deactivated by soap -lessen surface tension of cell membranes -Benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and cepacol

Answer 32

Quaternary ammonium coompounds