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Reproductive System > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of contraception?

A 
Natural
Barrier
Hormonal
Prevention of implantation
Sterilisation
Emergency contraception
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2
Q

How do you chose the right contraceptive?

A

Safe and preference for the patient

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3
Q

What methods have no user failure?

A 
IUD 
IUS
Progesterone implants
Progesterone injections
Female and male sterilisation
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4
Q

What methods have any user failure?

A 
Combined oral contraceptive pill
Progesterone pill
Condom 
Contraceptive patch
Vaginal ring
Diaphragm, spermacide
Natural family planning
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5
Q

What are the positives of abstinence as a contraceptive?

A

Only method that is 100% effective
No drugs or hormones
No side effects

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6
Q

What are the negatives of abstinence as a contraceptive?

A

People may not remain abstinent

Also people may want to have sex

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7
Q

What are the positives of the withdrawal method?

A

No hormones involved

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8
Q

What are the negatives of the withdrawal method?

A

Not particularly effective
May not have the self control to withdraw at the right time
There may be sperm in the pre ejaculate
No protection against STIs

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9
Q

What is the action of the amenorrhoea lactation method?

A

Women are not fertile until 21 days after giving birth- when their menstrual cycle restarts

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10
Q

What are the positives of the barrier method of contraception?

A

Protection against STIs,
Very effective,
The male condom is widely available

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11
Q

What are the negatives of using a barrier method as contraception?

A

May not be as romantic
Decrease the sexual pleasure
Danger of expiring
May have an allergy or sensitivity to latex or spermacide

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12
Q

What are the barrier methods?

A

Female and male condoms
Diaphragm
Vaginal ring
Caps

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13
Q

What are the types of hormonal methods?

A

Combined oral contraceptive pill
Progesterone depot
Progesterone implant
Low dose progesterone

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14
Q

How does progesterone work as a contraceptive?

A

At moderate/high doses progesterone enhances negative feedback of oestrogen reducing LH and FSH secretion
At moderate/ high doses progesterone inhibits the positive feedback of oestrogen preventing the LH surge and ovulation
At low doses progesterone thickens the cervical mucus

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15
Q

How does the combined oral contraceptive pill work?

A

Contains a combination of oestrogen and progesterone
It principally prevents ovulation
But it also- reduces endometrial receptivity to inhibit implantation and thickens cervical mucus to prevent the penetration of sperm

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16
Q

What are the positives of the combined oral cotraceptive pill?

A

Highly effective
Can relieve menstrual disorders
Reduces risk of ovarian cysts and cancers
Reduces risk of endometrial cancer

17
Q

What are the disadvantages of using the combined oral contraceptive pill as a contraceptive?

A

No protection from STIs,
Can’t take it if you have a high BMI, migraines (increases risk of stroke or a family history of breast cancer)
Side effects; breast tenderness, break through bleeding and mood disturbance
Increased risk of breast and cervical cancer, VTE, MI/stroke

18
Q

How does high dose progesterone work?

A

Prevents ovulation
Thickens cervical mucus to inhibit penetration of sperm
Prevents endometrial proliferation

19
Q

Advantages of using the progesterone injection as contraception

A

Reliable (no user failure)
Does not disrupt sex
Can be used by women who can’t have contraceptive that uses oestrogen

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a progesterone injection as a contraceptive?

A

Appointment needed every 12 months
Contraindication and side effects
Delay in return of fertility (upto eighteen months)
No STI protection

21
Q

How long does the progesterone implant work for?

A

Upto 3 years

22
Q

How does the progesterone only pill work?

A

Thickens cervical mucus

23
Q

What are the advantages of the progesterone only pill?

A

Quickly reversible
Does not interrupt sexual intercourse
Can be used where the COCP pill cannot

24
Q

What are the disadvantages of the progesterone only pill?

A 
Very user dependent cannot miss a day
Causes menstrual problems(1/3 no periods, 1/3 constant periods, 1/3 normal periods)
Interacts with other medication
Risk of ectopic pregnancy
Does not protect against STIs
25
Q

How does the IUS work?

A

Works for 3-5 years
Prevents implantation and reduces endometrial proliferation
Thickens cervical mucus

26
Q

How does the IUD work?

A

Plastic device with added copper
Works for 5-10 years
Copper is toxic to eggs and sperm
May cause endometrial inflammation reaction preventing implants tat ion and changes consitantancy of cervical mucus

27
Q

What are the positives of IUS and IUD as contraceptive devices?

A

They are convenient

Have a long duration of action

28
Q

What are the disadvantages of the IUS and IUD as a contraceptive device?

A 
Insertion may be unpleasant,
Risk of uterine porforation
Menstrual irregularities
Don’t prevent STIs
Displacement and expulsion may occur
29
Q

What is the failure rate of a vasectomy

A

1 in 2000 males

30
Q

What are the types of emergency contraception?

A

Emergency IUD- up to 5 days after unprotected sex
Emergency pill with ulipristal acetate- up to 5 days after unprotected sex
Emergency pill with levingestrel- up to 3 days after unprotected sex

Reproductive System (5 decks)

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