Contraception Flashcards
What are basic modes of contraception?
1) Hormonal methods
2) Non-hormonal methods
3) Permanent methods
What are the common methods for contraception?
1) Combined Oral Contraception (COC)
2) Progestogen-only Pill (POP)
3) Contraceptive Injection (DepoProvera)
4) Subdermal Implant
5) Intrauterine Devices (“Coil”)
6) Intrauterine System (IUS)
7) Sterilisation
8) Male & Female condoms
What are the side-effects of COC contraception?
- Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
- Increased blood pressure
- Headaches, nausea & breast tenderness which should dissapear after a few months
- Risk of Cervical cancer doubles after 10 years of use
What are the methods of male and female sterilisation and what are their indications and failure rates?
Female sterilisation
- Laparoscopic sterilisation
- Failure rate = 1 in 500
- For woman who no longer want to have children
Male sterilisation
- Vasectomy
- Failure rate = 1 in 2000
- For men who no longer want to have children
What are the rights of doctors with respect to the 1967 Abortion act?
- They can refuse participation in abortion if they have a conscientious objection to the procedure
- They must however ensure that the woman is still able to access abortion care
- They cannot refuse to provide abortion if by doing so they would put the physical or mental wellbeing of the pregnant woman at grave risk of permanent injury
What are the common medical and surgical methods of termination of pregnancy?
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTOP):
1) Mifepristone - switches off pregnancy hormone which is keeping uterus from contracting, 48 hours later misoprostol initiates uterine contraction which opens cervix and expels pregnancy
Surgical Termination of Pregnancy:
1) Vacuum or suction aspiration
2) Dilatation and evacuation
What are the emergency contraception options available in UK and up until when can they be used?
1) Emergency IUD (Copper Coil) - 120hrs after sex or day 19 of cycle
2) Levonelle - up to 72hrs but most effective within 24 hours after unprotected sex
3) EllaOne - 120hrs after unprotected sex
How does the COC method of contraception work?
- Uses Estrogen and Progesterone to prevent gonadotrophin (FSH & LH) secretion from the Anterior Pituitary, therefore suppressing ovulation.
- Progesterone also thickens the cervical mucus preventing sperm from penetrating into uterus
How does the POP method of contraception work?
Thickens the lining of the cervix so that sperm cannot penetrate and inhibit ovulation
How does the contraceptive injection (DepoProvera) work?
Prevents ovulation, thicknes cervical mucus and thins endometrium so egg cannot implant
How does the subdermal implant method of contraception work?
Releases progesterone which inhibits ovulation and thicknes cervical mucus
How do Intrauterine devices (coil) work?
Release copper which thickens the cervical mucus and thins the linning of the uterus which prevents a fertilised egg from implanting
How does the intrauterine system of contraception work?
Thickens the cervical mucus and thins the lining of the uterus
How does the sterilisation method of contraception work?
Fallopian tubes are blocked off or vas deferens is clamped to prevent egg/sperm from moving into uterus
8) Male & Female condoms - barrier method which prevents sperm from entering uterus
How do condoms work as a contraceptive method?
Prevents sperm from entering uterus
