Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LMCC Study - OBGYN > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main contraceptive mechanisms?

A

1) Inhibiting the development and release of the egg
- OCP, Depo progesterone, patch, ring

2) Imposing mechanical, chemical or temporal barrier between the sperm and egg
- Condom, diaphragm, IUD, natural family planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between method failure rate and typical failure rate?

A
  • Method Failure Rate: Failure rate of a contraceptive if used correctly 100% of the time
  • Typical Failure Rate: Failure rate seen in typical use, accounting for occasional mistakes and non-compliance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or false, hormonal contraceptives can decrease a womans risk of developing ovarian or uterine cancer?

A
  • True
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of combined oral contraceptive preparations? (ie. what does the progesterone do, what does the estrogen do?)

A

1) Progesterone: supresses secretion of LH, and thus ovulation. Also causes thickening of cervical mucous to prevent sperm penetration, alters fallopian tube peristalsis, and inhibits sperm movement.
2) Estrogen: Suppresses secretion of FSH, which prevents the maturation of the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are “phasic” oral contraceptives?

A
  • These pills vary the ratio of Progesterone:Estrogen during the course of the cycle
  • Leads to slightly less hormone uses, but has slightly higher rate of breakthrough bleeding (spotting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a “mini-pill”? How does it work?

A

A progestin only oral contraceptive pill
- Uses a lower dose, so the main mechanism is cervical mucous thickening as 40% of patients on this will continue to ovulate normally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How would you counsel a patient starting the mini-pill?

A
  • Must be taken at the same time every day!
  • Start taking it on the first day of your cycle
  • If more than 3hrs late taking pill, use back-up contraception for 48 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Break through bleeding occurs in 10-30% of patients taking low dose oral contraceptives during the first how many months? - councelling point

A
  • 3 months. Typically will resolve spontaneously afterwards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some of the minor side effects of estrogen?

A
  • Bloating
  • Weight gain
  • Breast tenderness
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the absolute contraindications to the use of combined OCP?

A
  • Thromboplebitis or Thromboembolic disease
  • Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
  • Cerebral vascular disease
  • Know or suspected pregnancy
  • Coronary occlusion
  • Smoker > 35 years old
  • Impaired liver function
  • Congenital hyperlipidemia
  • Estrogen dependent tumour (Br or Uterus)
  • Hepatic neoplasm
  • Migraines with neurological symptoms (excluding aura)
  • Uncontrolled hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which drugs can reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptive pills?

A
  • Barbituates
  • Benzodiazapines
  • phenytoin
  • carbamazapine
  • rifampin
  • sulfonamides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The contraceptive patch is less effective in women weighting over what amount?

A
  • 90kg or 198lbs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is one of the primary concerns associated with Depo-Provera (DMPA) injections?

A
  • Decreased bone density (due to changes in bone metabolism associated with decreased estrogen - like in menopause)
  • Appears to be reversible following discontinuation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long after discontinuing Depo-provera does it take to resume normal menses?

A
  • 50% will resume within 6 months

- 25% do not resume normal menses for over a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the barrier methods of contraception?

A
  • Condom
  • Diaphragm
  • Cervical cap
  • Sponge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the active ingredient in spermacide?

A
  • N-9 (Nonoxynol-9)
17
Q

How does a copper IUD work?

A
  • Prevent eggs from being fertilized or from attaching to the wall of the uterus
18
Q

How does a progesterone containing IUD work?

A
  • Prevents the egg from being fertilized

- Thickens the cervical mucous and creates an unfavourable uterine environment

19
Q

What does a progesterone containing IUD do to the severity of dysmenorrhea and the volume of menstrual blood loss?

A
  • Decreases severity of dysmenorrhea
  • 50% reduction in menstrual blood loss
  • Make a key treatment option in endometriosis and adenomyosis
20
Q

How long can the copper IUD stay in place for while remaining effective?

A
  • 10 years
21
Q

How long can the progesterone IUD stay in place for while remaining effective?

A
  • 5 years
22
Q

What is the expulsion rate for IUD’s? When is this risk the highest?

A
  • 1%-5%

- The risk is highest in the first few months of use

23
Q

Does having an IUD increase your change of having an ectopic pregnacy?

A
  • NO!
  • No increase in risk of ectopic pregnancy overall, however because very low chance of intrauterine pregnancy, the ratio of ectopic to normal pregnancies increases
24
Q

What are contraindications for the IUD?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease within the past 3 months
  • STI (current)
  • Purulent cervicitis
  • Undiagnosed AUB
  • Malignancy to genital tract
  • Uterine anomalies blocking insertion
  • Allergy, or copper IUD in wilson disease
25
Q

What is the calendar method?

A
  • based on calculation of a womans fertile period.

- for a regular 28 day cycle the fertile period would be days 10 through 17

26
Q

What is the yuzpe method?

A
  • A form of emergency post-coital contraception performed by:
  • Taking 2 tablets of combined OCP within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse, followed by another 2 tablets in 12 hours
27
Q

What is plan B?

A

A progestin only emergency contraception formulation

  • Take two tablets at once or 12 hours apart.
  • Greater effectiveness with less side effects than Yupze method
28
Q

How does plan B work?

A
  • Temporarily stops the release of an egg from the ovary (by negative feedback to hypothalamus)
  • Prevents fertilization (thickening cervical mucous)
  • Prevents a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterus (alteration to the endometrium)

LMCC Study - OBGYN (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions