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NUR 359: OB > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

def contraception

A

intentional prevention of pregnancy

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2
Q

def birth control

A

the device or practice to decr the risk of conceiving

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3
Q

what is family planning

A

the conscious decision on when to conceive or avoid preg

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4
Q

contraception methods should be….

A 
safe
readily avail
economical
acceptable
simple to use
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5
Q

the safety of a contraception method depends on

A

a womans med hx

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6
Q

name the contraception methods

A
  • coitus interruptus
  • FAM ( Fertility awareness method)
  • Barrier Methods
  • Hormonal Methods
  • Eemergency Contraception
  • IUD
  • Sterilization
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7
Q

what is coitus interruptus

A

aka withdrawal

withdrawing before ejaculation

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8
Q

what is the failure rate for coitus interruptus

A

27%

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9
Q

what do FAM’s rely on

A

avoidance of intercourse during fertile periods

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10
Q

FAM’s combine…

A

charting the menstrual cycle with other contraceptive methods

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11
Q

what is the only contraception accepted by the RC Church

A

FAM

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12
Q

name the FAM methods

A 
natural family planning
calendar rhythm method
standard days method
basal body temp method
cervical mucus ovulation detection method
symptothermal method
predictor test for ovulation
two day method
lactation amenorrhea method
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13
Q

what is natural family planning method

A

abstaining from intercourse when the woman knows she is ovulating/fertile

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14
Q

what is the calendar rhythm method

A

when a woman determines the beginning and end of their fertile periods and avoid intercourse in those days

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15
Q

how do you use the calendar rhythm method?

A
  • subtract 18 days from length of the shortest cycle

- subtract 11 days from length of a normal cycle

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16
Q

what is the standard days method

A

couples abstain from sexual intercourse from day 8-19 of womans cycle

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17
Q

what is the basal body temp method

A
  • when woman tracks her bbt daily before getting out of bed
  • ovulation occurs with increase in temp
  • wait until 3 days after temp increases to have sex
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18
Q

what is the cervical mucus ovulation detection method

A
  • when a woman monitors her cervical mucus
  • cervical mucus indicates fertility when it spreads in bx 2 fingers and has a texture of egg whites
  • indicates fertility for 3-4 days
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19
Q

what is the symptothermal method

A

a combo of BBT, cervical mucus, and symptom awareness such as cervical softness, midcycle cramps, and breast sensitivity

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20
Q

t/f- some women use ovulation kits as contraception

A

true

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21
Q

why do some women use ovulation kits for contraception

A
  • lack of health insurance
  • unable to get regular BC
  • keep BC a secret from family
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22
Q

what is the 2 day method

A
  • similar the cervical mucus method
  • if a woman notices changes in secretions either today or yesterday, she would consider herself fertile and should abstain from sex
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23
Q

if relying on the lactation method, what hormone is the main player and how does it work

A
  • prolactin

- it surges and inhibits ovulation

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24
Q

the lactation method is most effective when

A
  • mom is exclusively nursing w/ no supplementation/bottles
  • baby is less than 6 months old
  • feedings > 4 hrs during the day
  • feedings < 6 hrs at night
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25
Q

what is the failure rate for the lactation method if used correctly

A

2%

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26
Q

if a woman gets pregnant while nursing, what will happen and why

A
  • breatsmilk may dry up or decr in amt

- hormones in pregnancy (estrogen) act antagonistically to breastmilk

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27
Q

factors that could change a menstrual cycle

A 
change in exercise
wt loss/gain
stress
traveling
preg
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28
Q

if a woman is not in monogamous rship, what contraception method is best

A

barrier method

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29
Q

what does antihistamine do to cervical mucus

A

dries it up

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30
Q

what is spinnbarkeit

A

the length that cervical mucus stretches

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31
Q

name the barrier methods

A 
spermicides
condoms- m/f
diaphragm
cervical cap
contraceptive sponge
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32
Q

what is the success rate of using condoms

A

99%

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33
Q

what contraceptives must be fitted

A

diaphragm

cervical cap

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34
Q

the diaphragm can stay in for how long

A

6 hrs before intercourse

6 hrs after intercourse

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35
Q

you cannot leave a diaphragm in longer than

A

8 hrs

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36
Q

why is leaving a diaphragm in for too long a concern

A

toxic shock syndrome

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37
Q

why are diaphragms no longer an ideal form of BC

A

can be difficult to put in/ take out

38
Q

how long can a cervical cap stay in for?

A

up to 48 hrs

39
Q

what is the failure rate for the cervical cap

A

48%

40
Q

a contraceptive sponge provides protection for how long

A

24 hrs

41
Q

contraceptive sponge contains what

A

spermicide

42
Q

how do you use a contraceptive sponge

A

run under water

43
Q

what is the failure rate for contraceptive sponge

A

20-40%

44
Q

name hormonal BC methods

A
  • COC’s

- Progestin only Contraceptives

45
Q

name the COC’s

A
  • Oral Cont
  • transdermal
  • vaginal ring
46
Q

COC’s contain what hormones

A

progesterone

estrogen

47
Q

how do COC’s work

A

inhibit ovulation, no egg released

48
Q

when woman stops taking COV’s how quickly do they become fertile?

A

almost immediately,but fertility is slightly decreased

49
Q

after a woman stops taking COC’s, when do they resume regular periods

A

within 3-12 months

50
Q

what can happen to a womans cycle after they stop taking a hormonal contr

A
  • may have a new normal menstrual cycle
51
Q

if a woman taking a COC misses one day, what can they do

A

take 2 pills the next day

52
Q

if a woman taking COC misses 2 days, what should they do

A

start a new pack and use back up BC such as barrier

53
Q

which women is COC contra-indicated in

A
  • breastfeeding women bc estrogen dries up milk
  • over 35 and smokes bc they have an incr risk of clots
  • migrain w/ auras due to incr risk of stroke/TIA
  • high BP
54
Q

what meds may decr the effectiveness of COC’s

A

some abx

HIV meds

55
Q

COC’s and morbidly obese women

A

-may not be appropriate form of BC or may need a higher dose

56
Q

how does the vaginal ring work?

A

in for 3 wks, out for 1

57
Q

women with vaginal rings report incr incidences of what?

A

bacterial vaginosis

58
Q

if a woman has a hx of coag problems, what BC methods would be best for them

A

depo

barrier

59
Q

name the progestin only contraceptives

A

minipill
injectable (depo)
implantable (norplant)

60
Q

the mini pill is ____ effective than COC’s

A

less

61
Q

what is the failure rate among the mini pill

A

8%

62
Q

women on the mini pill must take the pill when?

A

at the same time each day

63
Q

women on the mini pill report

A

midcycle bleeding

64
Q

the benefit of progestin only contr

A

less side effects

65
Q

why can’t women with a hx / fam hx of breast cancer take COC’s

A
  • COC’s contain estrogen

- estrogen feeds some forms of cancer

66
Q

how often do pts need to get depo shot

A

q 11-13 wks

67
Q

how is depo administered

A

IM

68
Q

what long term effects are a/w depo

A

bone loss

69
Q

emergency contr must be used within what amt of time

A

72 hrs

70
Q

emergency contr contains what

A

high dose of estrogen

71
Q

what is an IUD

A

a small- t shaped device into the uterine cavity

72
Q

what are IUD’s comprised of

A

copper
or
progestin

73
Q

draw backs of IUD’s

A

no protection against STI/STD’s

74
Q

what is the copper IUD called

A

paraguard

75
Q

what is the progestin IUD called

A

mirena

76
Q

which IUD is more popular

A

mirena

77
Q

how often does mirena need to be changed

A

q 5 yrs

78
Q

how often does paraguard need to be changed

A

q 10 yrs

79
Q

reported side effects with mirena

A

h/a
ovarian cysts
amenorrhea
-similar to the mini pill

80
Q

reported side effects w/ paraguard

A

extra cramping and bleeding for the first year, but goes away

81
Q

a woman cannot have the paraguard if they have what disease

A

wilsons disease- allergy to copper

82
Q

if a woman is not in a monogamous rship, is IUDa good choice for them

A

no

83
Q

if you get pregnant with an IUD, it can cause

A

SAB

84
Q

do we remove the IUD if a woman becomes pregnant

A

no

85
Q

after removing the IUD, fertility resumes back to normal

A

within a few months

86
Q

what TOP

A

termination of pregnancy

87
Q

def abortion

A

purposeful interruption of preg before 20 wks of gest

88
Q

first trimester abortion methods

A
  • surgical (aspiration)
  • methotrexate/misoprostol
  • mifepristone/misoprostol
89
Q

second trimester abortion methods

A
  • dilation and evacuation
  • prostaglandins
  • hypertonic and uterotonic agents
90
Q

most common complications of induced abortions

A

infec
retained products of conception
excessive vaginal bleeding

NUR 359: OB (15 decks)

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