Contraception Flashcards
def contraception
intentional prevention of pregnancy
def birth control
the device or practice to decr the risk of conceiving
what is family planning
the conscious decision on when to conceive or avoid preg
contraception methods should be….
safe readily avail economical acceptable simple to use
the safety of a contraception method depends on
a womans med hx
name the contraception methods
- coitus interruptus
- FAM ( Fertility awareness method)
- Barrier Methods
- Hormonal Methods
- Eemergency Contraception
- IUD
- Sterilization
what is coitus interruptus
aka withdrawal
withdrawing before ejaculation
what is the failure rate for coitus interruptus
27%
what do FAM’s rely on
avoidance of intercourse during fertile periods
FAM’s combine…
charting the menstrual cycle with other contraceptive methods
what is the only contraception accepted by the RC Church
FAM
name the FAM methods
natural family planning calendar rhythm method standard days method basal body temp method cervical mucus ovulation detection method symptothermal method predictor test for ovulation two day method lactation amenorrhea method
what is natural family planning method
abstaining from intercourse when the woman knows she is ovulating/fertile
what is the calendar rhythm method
when a woman determines the beginning and end of their fertile periods and avoid intercourse in those days
how do you use the calendar rhythm method?
- subtract 18 days from length of the shortest cycle
- subtract 11 days from length of a normal cycle
what is the standard days method
couples abstain from sexual intercourse from day 8-19 of womans cycle
what is the basal body temp method
- when woman tracks her bbt daily before getting out of bed
- ovulation occurs with increase in temp
- wait until 3 days after temp increases to have sex
what is the cervical mucus ovulation detection method
- when a woman monitors her cervical mucus
- cervical mucus indicates fertility when it spreads in bx 2 fingers and has a texture of egg whites
- indicates fertility for 3-4 days
what is the symptothermal method
a combo of BBT, cervical mucus, and symptom awareness such as cervical softness, midcycle cramps, and breast sensitivity
t/f- some women use ovulation kits as contraception
true
why do some women use ovulation kits for contraception
- lack of health insurance
- unable to get regular BC
- keep BC a secret from family
what is the 2 day method
- similar the cervical mucus method
- if a woman notices changes in secretions either today or yesterday, she would consider herself fertile and should abstain from sex
if relying on the lactation method, what hormone is the main player and how does it work
- prolactin
- it surges and inhibits ovulation
the lactation method is most effective when
- mom is exclusively nursing w/ no supplementation/bottles
- baby is less than 6 months old
- feedings > 4 hrs during the day
- feedings < 6 hrs at night
what is the failure rate for the lactation method if used correctly
2%
if a woman gets pregnant while nursing, what will happen and why
- breatsmilk may dry up or decr in amt
- hormones in pregnancy (estrogen) act antagonistically to breastmilk
factors that could change a menstrual cycle
change in exercise wt loss/gain stress traveling preg
if a woman is not in monogamous rship, what contraception method is best
barrier method
what does antihistamine do to cervical mucus
dries it up
what is spinnbarkeit
the length that cervical mucus stretches
name the barrier methods
spermicides condoms- m/f diaphragm cervical cap contraceptive sponge
what is the success rate of using condoms
99%
what contraceptives must be fitted
diaphragm
cervical cap
the diaphragm can stay in for how long
6 hrs before intercourse
6 hrs after intercourse
you cannot leave a diaphragm in longer than
8 hrs
why is leaving a diaphragm in for too long a concern
toxic shock syndrome
why are diaphragms no longer an ideal form of BC
can be difficult to put in/ take out
how long can a cervical cap stay in for?
up to 48 hrs
what is the failure rate for the cervical cap
48%
a contraceptive sponge provides protection for how long
24 hrs
contraceptive sponge contains what
spermicide
how do you use a contraceptive sponge
run under water
what is the failure rate for contraceptive sponge
20-40%
name hormonal BC methods
- COC’s
- Progestin only Contraceptives
name the COC’s
- Oral Cont
- transdermal
- vaginal ring
COC’s contain what hormones
progesterone
estrogen
how do COC’s work
inhibit ovulation, no egg released
when woman stops taking COV’s how quickly do they become fertile?
almost immediately,but fertility is slightly decreased
after a woman stops taking COC’s, when do they resume regular periods
within 3-12 months
what can happen to a womans cycle after they stop taking a hormonal contr
- may have a new normal menstrual cycle
if a woman taking a COC misses one day, what can they do
take 2 pills the next day
if a woman taking COC misses 2 days, what should they do
start a new pack and use back up BC such as barrier
which women is COC contra-indicated in
- breastfeeding women bc estrogen dries up milk
- over 35 and smokes bc they have an incr risk of clots
- migrain w/ auras due to incr risk of stroke/TIA
- high BP
what meds may decr the effectiveness of COC’s
some abx
HIV meds
COC’s and morbidly obese women
-may not be appropriate form of BC or may need a higher dose
how does the vaginal ring work?
in for 3 wks, out for 1
women with vaginal rings report incr incidences of what?
bacterial vaginosis
if a woman has a hx of coag problems, what BC methods would be best for them
depo
barrier
name the progestin only contraceptives
minipill
injectable (depo)
implantable (norplant)
the mini pill is ____ effective than COC’s
less
what is the failure rate among the mini pill
8%
women on the mini pill must take the pill when?
at the same time each day
women on the mini pill report
midcycle bleeding
the benefit of progestin only contr
less side effects
why can’t women with a hx / fam hx of breast cancer take COC’s
- COC’s contain estrogen
- estrogen feeds some forms of cancer
how often do pts need to get depo shot
q 11-13 wks
how is depo administered
IM
what long term effects are a/w depo
bone loss
emergency contr must be used within what amt of time
72 hrs
emergency contr contains what
high dose of estrogen
what is an IUD
a small- t shaped device into the uterine cavity
what are IUD’s comprised of
copper
or
progestin
draw backs of IUD’s
no protection against STI/STD’s
what is the copper IUD called
paraguard
what is the progestin IUD called
mirena
which IUD is more popular
mirena
how often does mirena need to be changed
q 5 yrs
how often does paraguard need to be changed
q 10 yrs
reported side effects with mirena
h/a
ovarian cysts
amenorrhea
-similar to the mini pill
reported side effects w/ paraguard
extra cramping and bleeding for the first year, but goes away
a woman cannot have the paraguard if they have what disease
wilsons disease- allergy to copper
if a woman is not in a monogamous rship, is IUDa good choice for them
no
if you get pregnant with an IUD, it can cause
SAB
do we remove the IUD if a woman becomes pregnant
no
after removing the IUD, fertility resumes back to normal
within a few months
what TOP
termination of pregnancy
def abortion
purposeful interruption of preg before 20 wks of gest
first trimester abortion methods
- surgical (aspiration)
- methotrexate/misoprostol
- mifepristone/misoprostol
second trimester abortion methods
- dilation and evacuation
- prostaglandins
- hypertonic and uterotonic agents
most common complications of induced abortions
infec
retained products of conception
excessive vaginal bleeding
