Conception/ Genetics Flashcards
what is TTC
trying to conceive
importance of genetics to fertility
- provides tools to determine heredity component of many disease
-improves ability to predict:
susceptibility
onset
progression
response
to tx - earlier dx
-ppl who would have previously died in childhood to survive into adulthood
genetic testing of in vitro embryos
- testing done after the embryo cells (4-6 cell blastocyte) have fertilized and split in petri dish
- one cell can be tested for genetic diseases
- if (+), they dont use the embryo
- if (-), they use the embryo
how much does each in vitro tx usually cost
40k
def genomics
- tailoring meds to each pt based on genetics
disorders that are more susceptible in certain ethnic groups
tay sachs
thalasemias
PKU
CF
nursing role during genetics testing
- collect, report, and record genetics info
- prenatal screening and testing
- offer info and resources
- informed consent
- care/counseling of families who have lost a child to a genetic condition
- collect fam hx
- referral for specialized services
a miscarriage in the 1st trimester is usually due to
chromosomal abnormalities
chromosomal abnormalities are a major cause of
reproductive loss
congenital problems
gyn disorders
abnormalities of chromosome structure
translocation
deletions
inversions
def unifactorial chromosomal abnormality
- a single gene controlling a trait, disorder, or defect
what kind of chromosomal abnormality is more common: unifactorial or multifactorial
unifactorial
what is the most common genetic malfx
multifactorial
what birth defects are a result of multifactorial genetic malfx
cleft lip/palate
neural tube defects
congenital heart disease
pyloric stenosis
what is the avg age of 1st menses
13 years old
why is the avg age of menses decreasing
environment and food
what is the avg # of days that women bleed for during their period
5 days
what is the usual amt of blood loss during a period
50 cc
phases of the ovarian cycle
follicular phase
ovulation
luteal phase
what is the job of FSH
causes follicle to grow and be released
a maternal egg is only viable for
24 hrs
sperm is viable for
up to 72 hrs
male sperm
swim faster but die quicker
female sperm
swim slower but last longer
LH level before ovulation
released/peaks right before ovulation (24 hrs)
FSH level before ovulation
incr allows egg to grow and be released
FSH level after ovulation
dramatically drops
estrogen level before ovulation
rises until ovulation
estrogen level following ovulation
- drops if not pregnant–> back to menstual phase
- remains stable/incr if pregnant
def corpus luteum
the empty follicle
def luteal cyst
an empty follicle fills up with fluid and becomes a cyst
what increases the risk of developing luteal cyst?
IUD’s
phases of the menstrual cycle
menstruation
proliferative
secretory
what occurs during menstruation phase
shedding of the endometrial lining
gradual incr of estrogen and progesterone
what occurs during the proliferative phase
- decr in estrogen right before ovulation
- follicles start developing
approx what day does ovulation occur
day 14
if pregnancy occurs, progesterone will remain high or drop?
remain high
def oogenesis
process that produces the female gamete (ovum)
how many chromosomes does a gamete contain
23
def spermatogenesis
process that produces the male gamete (sperm)
how many sperm are there in a single ejac?
200-500 mill
