contraception Flashcards
name one synthetic oestrogen
ethinyloestradiol
name three synthetic progestogen
levonorgestrel
cyproterone
drospirenone
which progesterone is used in the morning after pill
levonorgestrel
which progesterones are also used for heavy and painful periods
cyproterone
which progesterone has the highest thromboembolic risk
cyproterone
what are the 3 different types of OCP
combined
sequential
progestogen only
what is the difference between the combined and sequential OCP
combined - mixture of O and P in a fixed ratio of doses
sequential - ratio of O and P varies to correspond to changes in endogenous O and P
which progesterones are used in the progesterone only pill
commonly levonorgestrel
how does the oestrogen component of the OCP work
inhibits FSH and (and LH) to prevent follicular recruitment and development
how does the progesterone component of the OCP work
- CAN inhibit LH
- changes the endometrium to make it unfavourable for implantation
- changes the cervical mucus
- interferes with the coordination of the muscular contractions of the female repro tract
3 main adverse effects of OCP
- hypertension
- venous thromboembolism
- cancer
which cancers does the OCP increased the risk for
breast?
cervical
endometrial
what is the conflicting information on endometrial cancer and the OCP
- oestrogen only pills = increased risk
- progestogen + O = protective
what are the benefits of the OCP
- decreased risk of endometrial, colorectal and ovarian cancer
- decreased risk of ovarian cyst formation
- protective effect on benign breast tumours
- reduction in risk of bone fractures
- reduction in dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia
