Contraception Flashcards
Unintended pregnancy facts:
50% of pregnancies are unintended
43% of these are aborted
50% of unintended pregnancies result from a nonuse of contraception, other 50% from contraception misuse or inconsistencies
What are general considerations for contraception?
Patients desire Level of motivation Level of education Frequency of coitus Level of security desired Side effects Duration of contraception Protection against STDs Contraindications
What is the most common contraception use?
Sterilization
Pearl index
number of failures per 100 women years of use
Natural Family Planning Methods
Calendar rhythm
Basal body temperature chart
Observation of cervical mucus
When are natural family planning methods most effective?
When a woman has a regular predictable cycle
Failure rate is 5-10%
Types of IUDs
Copper containing device
Progesterone containing device
What is the MOA of an IUD?
Prevention of contraception
Prevention of implantation
What are the pros and cons of IUD?
Pluses: Highly effective Convenient Reduction in menstrual blood loss and cramping (with progesterone containing device) Inexpensive in the long run
Minuses:
Pain with insertion
Infection, perforation dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia (with Copper device)
High initial cost
What are the barrier methods of contraception?
Male condom Female condom Spermicides Cervical Cap Diaphragm
What are the pros and cons of barrier contraception?
Relatively inexpensive Few contraindications Very safe 5-10% failure rates Requires a high level of motivation
T/F: the male condom is not highly effective in preventing an STD.
False
Female Condoms:
Give women more control over contraception and exposure to STDs
More cumbersome than a male condom
What is the active ingredient in Spermicides?
Non-oxynol-9
What types of spermicides are there?
Creams and jellies
What is a possible risk of spermicides?
HIV transmission
What is the duration of a cervical cap?
48 hrs
What do you need to do with cervical caps and diaphragms?
Usually it is best to separate the act of insertion from the act of intercourse
What do you use in combination with diaphragms?
contraceptive foam or jelly
What do you do after intercourse if you have a diaphragm in?
Wait 6 hours before removal
What are possible complications of diaphragms?
UTIs
Toxic Shock syndrome
What is the most effective means of contraception?
Steroid contraception
CDC medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use:
1- no restriction
2- advantages outweigh theoretical or proven risks
3- theoretical or proven risks out weigh advantages
4- unacceptable health risk
Theoretical effectiveness
Effectiveness that gets the most publicity, not equivocal to actual effectiveness
