CONTEMPORARY WORLD (PPT) Flashcards
1
Q
Refers to the various intersecting process that creates order.
A
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
2
Q
Shaping globalization
A
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
3
Q
TYPES OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ENUMERATE
A
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION(IO)
NATION- STATE
4
Q
International intergovernmental organizations or groups that are primarily made up of member-states.
A
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION(IO)
5
Q
-modern phenomenon in human history where people organized themselves as a country.
A
NATION- STATE
6
Q
Large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory. (NATION- STATE)
A
NATION
7
Q
formed by people and permanent power within a specified territory.(NATION- STATE)
A
STATE
8
Q
The term is commonly used to refer to international intergovernmental organizations or groups that are primarily made up of member-states. Ex.
IMF
World Bank
A
I N T E R N AT I O N A LO R G A N I Z AT I O N
9
Q
Examples of I N T E R N AT I O N A LO R G A N I Z AT I O N
A
IMF
World Bank
10
Q
International organization is that they are merely amalgamation of various state interest.*
Ex. The IMF was able to promote a particular form of economic orthodoxy that stemmed mainly from the beliefs of its professional economist. (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (IO))
A
FALLACY
11
Q
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (IO) TRUTHS
A
- Power of CLASSIFICATION
- Power to FIX MEANINGS
- Power to DIFFUSE NORMS
12
Q
IO’s can invent and apply categories
They create a powerful global standards. (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS)
A
P OW E R O F C L A S S I F I C AT I O N
13
Q
This is the broader function related to the first Various terms like “security” or “development” need to be well-defined. States, organizations, and individuals, view IOs as legitimate sources of information. (INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS)
A
P OW E R TO F I XM E A N I N G S
14
Q
They spread Norms that are acceptable codes of conduct that may not be strict law, but nevertheless produce regularity in behavior.
A
P OW E R TO D I F F U S E N O R M S
15
Q
___’s can be sources of great good and great harm.
A
IO
16
Q
They can promote relevant norms like environmental protection and human rights.
A
(INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS)
17
Q
But like other entrenched bureaucracies, they can become sealed- off communities that fail to challenge their beliefs.
A
(INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS)
18
Q
Most prominent Internal Organization
A
United Nations
19
Q
The ____ ___ _____ was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes. Suggested by Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined and it remained powerless
A
League of Nations
20
Q
THE DOOR TO THE ESTABLISHMENTOF UNITED NATIONS
The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes. Suggested by _______ _______, the United States never joined and it remained powerless
A
Woodrow Wilson
21
Q
AFTER WORLD WAR TO AND DUE TO THEFAILURE OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The ______ ______ was established. It became an intergovernmental organization tasked with maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international co-operation, and being a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. It aims at preventing future wars, and succeeded the ineffective League of Nations.
A
United Nations (UN)
22
Q
AFTER WORLD WAR TO AND DUE TO THEFAILURE OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The United Nations (UN) was established. It became an intergovernmental organization tasked with maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international co-operation, and being a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. It aims at preventing future wars, and succeeded the ineffective ______ ___ ______.
A
League of Nations
23
Q
THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UN ENUMERATE
A
General Assembly
Security Council
Economic and Social Council
International Court of Justice
The Secrétariat
24
Q
It occupies the central position as the chief deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the United Nations.
A
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
25
A forum for multilateral discussion on international issues between 192 Members of the United Nations
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
26
It plays a significant role in the process of standard-setting and the codification of international law.
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
27
The Assembly meets in regular session intensively from September to December each year, and thereafter as required.
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
28
5 permanent members: China, France, Russia, UK and the United States
SECURITY COUNCIL
29
has 10 rotating members
SECURITY COUNCIL
30
Responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security.
SECURITY COUNCIL
31
to investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction;
SECURITY COUNCIL RESPONSIBILITY (THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THERESPONSIBILITY TO...)
32
to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement;
SECURITY COUNCIL RESPONSIBILITY (THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THERESPONSIBILITY TO...)
33
to formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments;
SECURITY COUNCIL RESPONSIBILITY (THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THERESPONSIBILITY TO...)
34
to determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken;
SECURITY COUNCIL RESPONSIBILITY (THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THERESPONSIBILITY TO...)
35
to call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression;
SECURITY COUNCIL RESPONSIBILITY (THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THERESPONSIBILITY TO...)
36
to take military action against an aggressor
SECURITY COUNCIL RESPONSIBILITY (THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THERESPONSIBILITY TO...)
37
to recommend the admission of new Members
SECURITY COUNCIL RESPONSIBILITY (THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THERESPONSIBILITY TO...)
38
to exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in "strategic areas";
SECURITY COUNCIL RESPONSIBILITY (THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THERESPONSIBILITY TO...)
39
to recommend to the General Assembly the appointment of the Secretary-General and, together with the Assembly, to elect the Judges of the International Court of Justice.
SECURITY COUNCIL RESPONSIBILITY (THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS THERESPONSIBILITY TO...)
40
coordinates economic, social, and related work of the 14 UN specialized agencies, functional commissions and five regional commissions.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
41
consults with academics, business sector representatives and more than 2,100 registered non-governmental organizations.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
42
It is responsible for: promoting higher standards of living, full employment, and economic and social progress;
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
43
It is responsible for: identifying solutions to international economic, social and health problems;
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
44
It is responsible for: facilitating international cultural and educational cooperation; and
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
45
It is responsible for: encouraging universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
46
is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN).
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
47
It was established in June1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
48
The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands).
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
49
The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
50
The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
51
Its official languages are English and French.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
52
is made up of a tens of thousands of international staff members working at UN Headquarters. They’re responsible for servicing the other organs of the United Nations and administering the programs and policies laid down by them. The ______ is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly.
THE SECRETARIAT
53
_______ ____-____ of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. ____ ____-_____ serves as the chief administrative officer of the United Nations. The role of the United Nations Secretariat, and of _____ _______-______ in particular, is laid out by Chapter XV of the United Nations Charter.
The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) (THE SECRETARIAT)
54
Describes the Secretary-General as "chief administrative officer" of the Organization, who shall act in that capacity and perform "such other functions as are entrusted" to him or her by the Security Council, General Assembly, Economic and Social Council and other United Nations organs.
The Charter (THE SECRETARIAT)
55
to "bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security".
THE SECRETARIAT
56
Responsible for supervising the administration of Trust Territories placed under the Trusteeship System.
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
57
Major goals : to promote the advancement of the inhabitants of Trust Territories and their progressive development towards self-government or independence.
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
58
The aims of the Trusteeship System have been fulfilled to such an extent that all Trust Territories have attained self-government or independence, either as separate States or by joining neighboring independent countries.
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
59
The Council suspended operation on 1 November1994, with the independence of Palau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory, on 1October 1994.
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
60
Group of countries located in the same geographically specified area
Regions
61
Combination of two or more regions
Regions
62
regional concentration of economic, political and cultural flow
Regionalization
63
A political process characterized by economic policy cooperation and coordination among countries.
Regionalism
64
cooperation of Global Nations
Internationalism
65
Cooperation of countries within a geographical regions.
Regionalism
66
Two Types of Regionalism
STATE
Non-State
67
*It is the coordination of countries and a general phenomenon or may refer to a formal project, policy, or scheme promoted by regional states and the term actually encompasses a broader area.
State Regionalism
68
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
69
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
70
NAM
Non – Alignment Movement
71
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nation
72
Not only states that agree to work together in the name or a single cause. What other type of state that also works on that?
Non – State Regionalism
73
Organizations representing this “new regionalism” that rely on the power of individuals, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and associations to link up with one another in pursuit of a particular goal (or goals).
Non – State Regionalism
73
Those who work with governments (Legitimizers) and participate in “Institutional mechanisms that afford some civil society groups voice and influence in technocratic policy making processes”
Non – State Regionalism
74
Those who work with governments (________-) and participate in “Institutional mechanisms that afford some civil society groups voice and influence in technocratic policy making processes” (Non – State Regionalism)
Legitimizers
75
differs significantly from traditional state-to-state regionalism when it comes to identifying problems.
New regionalism
75
Is identified with reformists who share the same values, norms, institutions, and system that exist outside of the traditional, established mainstream institutions and systems.
Non – State Regionalism
76
ARE NON-STATE REGIONALORGANIZATIONS WHICH COLLABORATEWITH THE GOVERNMENT. (Ex. Red Cross and Green World Movement)
LEGITIMIZERS
77
ARE FULLY CITIZENS’ ORGANIZATION AND HAS NO CONNECTION TO THE GOVERNMENT (Ex. Christian Youth in Asia)
LEFT-WING REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
78
State Regionalism Examples Enumerate
* NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
* OPEC – Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
* NAM – Non-Aligned Movement
* ASEAN – Association of the Southeast Asian Nations
79
When did the treaty of Dunkirk signed by France and UK as treaty of alliance and mutual assistance.
On march 4, 1947
80
When did the Alliance expanded to include Benelux Countries the form of the Western Union referred to as Brussels Treaty Organization
1948
81
When did it became North Atlantic Treaty Organization each members of NATO agreed to a system of collective defense for its members.
April 4, 1949
82
Focus
Is to guarantee the freedom. So unity of its members through political and military means.
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
83
Us military makes ______ powerful.
NATO
84
Countries which are in _____ has to work for bringing peace, prosperity with in Europe and an allies
NATO
85
successfully feared mighty soviet UNION brought cold war to end.
NATO
86
US bring mighty military power it tactically controls Europe through ______
NATO
87
_______ alliance can make military bases which expensive to maintain
NATO
88
______ alliance completely depends on US Military
NATO
89
Challenges of the _______ is facing much broader range of threat in the PAST.
NATO
90
_________ is a group consisting of 14 of the world's major oil-exporting nations.
OPEC
91
OPEC is a group consisting of ___ of the world's major oil-exporting nations.
14
92
________ was founded in 1960 to coordinate the petroleum policies of its members and to provide member states with technical and economic aid.
OPEC
93
Headquarters of OPEC:______ and ______
*Vienna *Austria
94
*To regulate oil prices and ensure stabilization of oil.
OPEC
95
IN ORDER TO SECURE:
Economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations.
Stable prices for petroleum producers.
Fair return on Capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.
OPEC
96
______ cut production will be positive for the price of oil.
OPEC cut production will be positive for the price of oil.
97
Economic and Political Nature which are related to the market.
Those connected to the operation of the organization in the Energy.
Trade and Environment Spheres
Technical developments of the Global Oil and Energy.
The Global Crude Oil Production is 40%. The World Crude Oil Reserves is 80%.
Challenges of OPEC
98
*OPEC cut production will be positive for the price of oil.
*This assumes any agreement will be adhered to or far from from given.
*The price of oil will come under long-term pressure once U.S Shale producers aggressively increase production.
*The effect can be particularly strong when wars of civil disorders lead to extended interruptions in supply.
Positive & Negative Effects of OPEC
99
*It is a international policy of a sovereign state.
NAM - Non-Aligned Movement
100
*It does not-align itself with any of the power blocs.
NAM - Non-Aligned Movement
101
*Actively participates in the world affairs.
*To pursue world peace, international cooperation, human rights, national sovereignty, racial and national equality, non-intervention, and peaceful conflict resolution.
NAM - Non-Aligned Movement
102
Headquarters of NAM:
Central Jakarta
Indonesia
103
Founding Father of Non-aligned Movement (NAM) are
✓President of Yugoslavia - Josip Broz Tito
✓President of Egypt - Gamal Abdel Nasser
✓Prime Minister of India - Jawaharlal Nehru
104
Nehru said that: ______ is just an independent bloc.
NAM
105
NAM should focus on development of Southern Countries.
Promoting North South Co-operation and South, South Co-operation.
Terrorism - Members work together to end terrorism.
NAM shall become the supportive representative of developing countries in UNO and other.
Environment and Ecology.
NAM shall work for multi polar could by creating or supporting SAARC, ASEAN countries.
Focus/Work of NAM
106
Nehru said that: It is for National Identity and _____ don't want to have rivalry with other countries since these are Newly Born Countries.
NAM
107
Neo-colonialism has evolved into a major concern of weak societies in this part of the world. Environmental degradation, climate change, disarmament, external debt, state and non-state terrorism, and violence emanating from ethnic and religious conflicts are some of the common issues facing the _______ states today.
NAM (Challenges of NAM)
108
Was establish on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok by the 5 original members countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei, Darussalam joined on January 8, 1984. Vietnam on July 28, 1995.Laos and Myanmar on July 23, 1997 and Cambodia on April 30, 1999
ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations
109
________ was formed in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia , Philippines, Singapore and Thailand to promote political and Economic Cooperation and Regional Stability
ASEAN
110
Their focus is on
Political Security
Economic
Socio Cultural
ASEAN
111
To accelerate the Economic growth, Social progress and cultural development in the Region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of ______
ASEAN
112
To promote Regional peace
ASEAN
113
Non-state Regionalism Examples
* NGO - Non-Governmental Organizations
1. Rainforest Foundation
2. Regional Interfaith Youth Networks
3. Migrant Forum
114
Tiny associations that include no more than a few actors and focus on a single issue, or huge continental unions that address a multitude of common problems from territorial defense to food security.
Rely on the power of individuals
Non-State Regionalism
114
are individuals or groups that hold influence and which are wholly or partly independent of a sovereign state or state.
Non-State Regionalism
115
To protect indigenous peoples
The rainforest of Brazil, Guyana, Panama and Peru
Rainforest Foundation
116
In 2006, Religions for Peace launched six ________ _________ ________ ________, in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Europe, North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean.
Regional Interfaith Youth Networks
117
To Promote conflict prevention, resolution, peace education, and sustainable development.
Regional Interfaith Youth Networks
118
Another Regional network of NGO’s
Trade unions
Committed to protecting and promoting the rights and welfare of migrant workers.
Migrant Forum
119
Non-state Regionalism Disadvantage
Poorly Finance
Dealing with their official counter parts
120
Disagreements surface over issues like gender and religion
Slowed down once countries like Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand
Refused to recognize the rights of undocumented migrant workers and the rights of the families of migrants.
Challenges of Non-State Regionalism
120
is defined as an increase in the cross-border flow of capital, goods, and people within a specific geographical area.
Regionalization
121
The process of dividing an area into smaller segments.
Regionalization
122
One of the examples are the division of a nation into states or provinces.
Regionalization
123
the belief and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.
Religion
124
most difficult relationship with globalism
Religion
125
Widespread belief among powerful people
Globalism
126
One world, one government
Globalism
127
______ is concerned with the sacred, while globalism places value on material wealth.
Religion
128
Religion is concerned with the sacred, while ________ places value on material wealth.
globalism
129
__________ follows divine commandments while globalism abides by human-made laws.
Religion
130
Religion follows divine commandments while ___________ abides by human-made laws.
globalism
131
____________ assumes that there is the possibility of communication between humans and the transcendent, while globalism’s yardsticks is of how much of human actions can lead to the highest material satisfaction and subsequent wisdom that this new status produces.
Religion
132
Religion assumes that there is the possibility of communication between humans and the transcendent, while _________'s yardsticks is of how much of human actions can lead to the highest material satisfaction and subsequent wisdom that this new status produces.
globalism’s
133
_______ _______ are less concerned with the wealth and all that comes along with it, while globalists believed that this is a form of asceticism precisely because they shun anything material for complete simplicity.
Religious people
134
Religious people are less concerned with the wealth and all that comes along with it, while _________ believed that this is a form of asceticism precisely because they shun anything material for complete simplicity.
globalists
135
_______ _______'s main duty is to live a virtuous and sinless life while globalists are less worried whether they will end up in heaven or in hell, since they are more concerned about the general progress of the community, the nation and the global economic system.
Religious person’s
136
Religious person’s main duty is to live a virtuous and sinless life while __________ are less worried whether they will end up in heaven or in hell, since they are more concerned about the general progress of the community, the nation and the global economic system.
globalists
137
The __________ is concerned with spreading holy ideas globally, while globalists wish to spread goods and services.
religious
137
_________ detest politics and the quest for power for they are evidence of humanity’s weakness, while the globalists values them as both means and ends to open up further economies of the world.
Religious
138
Religious detest politics and the quest for power for they are evidence of humanity’s weakness, while the _________ values them as both means and ends to open up further economies of the world.
globalists
139
The religious is concerned with spreading holy ideas globally, while __________ wish to spread goods and services.
globalists
140
__________ regard identities associated with globalism such as citizenship, language and race as inferior and narrow, membership to religious group, organization or cult represent a superior affiliation that connects humans directly to the divine.
Religious
141
Religious regard identities associated with __________ such as citizenship, language and race as inferior and narrow, membership to religious group, organization or cult represent a superior affiliation that connects humans directly to the divine.
globalism
142
Sacred, Divine commandments
RELIGION
143
Communication between humans and transcendence
RELIGION
144
Virtuous , sinles
RELIGION
145
Material wealth, Abides by human-made laws
GLOBALISM
146
Human action can lead to the highest material satisfaction
GLOBALISM
147
Less worried whether they will end up in heaven or hell
GLOBALISM
148
“contemporary world is…furiously religious”, said by?
Peter Berger
149
________ are the foundations of modern republics.
Religions
150
Reality is that
- Christianity
- Judaism
- Islam
- Hinduism
- Buddhism
GLOBALIZED
151
The late Iranian religious leader, that bragged about the superiority of Islamic rule over its secular counterparts and pointed out that "there is no fundamental distinction among constitutional, despotic, dictatorial, democratic, and communistic regimes."
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini
152
“There is no fundamental distinction among constitutional, despotic,
dictatorial, democratic, and
communistic regimes.”
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini
153
Islamic Schools (pesantren) are run by the moderate Muslim organization ____ ____ in Indonesia
Nahdlatul Ulama
154
Broke away from Roaman Catholicism and established his own Church to bolster his own power.
King Henry VIII (Church of England)
155
“not only do the Americans practice their religion out of self interest but they often even place in this world the interest which they have in practicing it.”
Alexis de Tocqueville
156
________ FOR and AGAINST Globalization
Religion
157
Religion FOR and AGAINST ________
Globalization
158
“___________” Globalization – relating or devoted to which is not sacred or biblical; secular rather than religious
Profane
159
Religion FOR Globalization
_______ and _________ see globalization less as an obstacle and more as an opportunity to expand their reach all over the world.
Christianity and Islam
160
Religion AGAINST Globalization
Some Muslims view globalization as _______ ________ hiding supporters of Western values like secularism, liberalism or even communism ready to spread
Trojan Horse
160
Religion AGAINST Globalization
Some __________ view globalization as Trojan Horse hiding supporters of Western values like secularism, liberalism or even communism ready to spread these ideas in their areas to eventually displace them.
Muslims
161
Peter Bayer & Lori Beaman observed,
“__________, it seems, is see how ‘outside’ looking at globalization as problem or potential.”
Religion
161
Who said that “Religion, it seems, is see how ‘outside’ looking at globalization as problem or potential.”
Peter Bayer & Lori Beaman
162
is the plural form of medium, which (broadly speaking) describes any channel of communication
Media
162
Types of Media
Print Media
Broadcast Media
Digital Media
(INTERNET MEDIA) NOT SURE
162
is the distribution of audio or video content to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves), in a one-to-many model.
Broadcast media
163
is one of the oldest and basic forms of communication. It includes newspapers, magazines, books, and so on.
Print media
164
includes any format or device used to convey content using digital signals.
Digital media
165
comprise such services as email, social media sites, and websites
Internet media
166
is described as a tool which helps in the transmission of feelings and thoughts, from one person to another.
Language
167
the idea that one culture can either influence or dominate another in much the same way as nations have invaded and controlled other nations.
Cultural Imperialism
168
is described as an act of interchanging ideas, information or message from one person or place to another, via words or signs which are understood to both the parties.
Communication
169
They can promote generally positive agendas, like equal rights, and improve the quality of life for many people where successful.
Cultural Imperialism
169
negative effects on global communication as it weakens the relations between different heads of state.
Cultural Imperialism
169
also called cultural colonialism comprises the cultural aspects of imperialism. And refers to the creation and maintenance of unequal relationships between civilizations,
Cultural imperialism
170
can have both positive and negative effects on global communication.
Cultural Imperialism
171
became one of the primary instruments of colonization.
cultural imperialism
172
Proponents of the idea of _______ ________ ignores the fact that media messages are not just made by producers, they are also consumed by audiences.
cultural imperialism (Critiques of CULTURAL EMPERIALISM)
173
Indonesian cultural critic
Ien ang
174
In 1990, ______ ______ and ______ _____ decided to push Ang’s analysis further by examining how viewers from distinct cultural communities interpreted Dallas. They argued that texts are received differently by varied interpretative communities because they derived different meanings and pleasures from these texts.
Elihu KatZ and Tamar Liebes
175
In ______, Indonesian cultural critic Ien Ang studied the ways in which different viewers in the Netherlands experienced watching the American soap opera Dallas. Through letters from 42 viewers, she presented a detailed analysis of audiences–viewing experiences. Rather than simply receiving American culture in a “passive and resigned way,” she noted that viewers put “a lot of emotional energy” into the process and they experienced pleasure based on how the program resonated with them.
1985
176
In 1985, Indonesian cultural critic _____ ______ studied the ways in which different viewers in the Netherlands experienced watching the American soap opera Dallas. Through letters from 42 viewers, she presented a detailed analysis of audiences–viewing experiences. Rather than simply receiving American culture in a “passive and resigned way,” she noted that viewers put “a lot of emotional energy” into the process and they experienced pleasure based on how the program resonated with them.
Ien Ang
177
people from diverse cultural backgrounds had their own ways of understanding the show. ________ were suspicious of the show’s content, believing not only that it was primarily about America, but that it contained American propaganda. American viewers believed that the show, though set in America, was primarily about the lives of the rich.
Russians
178
people from diverse cultural backgrounds had their own ways of understanding the show. Russians were suspicious of the show’s content, believing not only that it was primarily about America, but that it contained American propaganda. _________ viewers believed that the show, though set in America, was primarily about the lives of the rich.
American
179
Given these patterns, it is no longer tenable to insist that _____________ is a unidirectional process of foreign cultures overwhelming local ones.
globalization
180
An equivalent of a ghetto in cyberspace, a place on the internet. Where social group is marginalized.
Cyber ghettoes
181
-almost everyone belongs to the same ethnic group and shares the same language and traditions
Homogeneous society
182
was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across North Africa and the Middle East in the early 2010s. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in Tunisia
The Arab Spring
182
The ____________ also referred to as cyber-balkanization, is a characterization of the Internet as splintering and dividing due to various factors, such as technology, commerce, politics, nationalism, religion, and interests.
splinternet
183
The splinternet also referred to as _______-__________, is a characterization of the Internet as splintering and dividing due to various factors, such as technology, commerce, politics, nationalism, religion, and interests.
cyber-balkanization
184
An environment where a person only encounters information or opinion that reflect and reinforce their own.
Echo chamber
185
It would seem that social media users select the type of information and content they want to access on the basis of their preferences and orientations.
Echo chamber
186
- Creating a global monoculture
- Wide spread communication
- Acceleration of globalization
The effects of media on globalization
187
- Fake information can spread easily on social media
- Global online propaganda
- Social media will splinter cultures and ideas into
bubbles of people who do not interact.
The effects of media on globalization
188
Global television was creating _____ _______
global monoculture
189
- We must remain vigilant and can be able to distinguish fact from falsehood.
- We must remain critical of mainstream media and traditional journalism.
- Choose a credible professional journalist and vetted by professional editors than a viral video produced by some other people.
How to get rid from false news
190
Social media ______ _______ and ideas into bubbles of people who do not interact
splinter cultures
191
Transforming Television into "global village"
Marshall McLuhan
192
A media theorists
Marshall McLuhan
193
Describes media as "A means of conveying something such as channel of communication
Jack Lule
194
NYSE
New York Stock Exchange
195
FTSE
Financial Times Stock Exchange
196
Not having formal state power but can lobby individual states to behave
International Non-Governmental Organization
197
Made up of multiple government from different countries to work together on a common goal or address shared challenges
International Intergovernmental Organizations
