Contemporary Urban Environments Flashcards
What is the difference between Urbanisation and Urban Growth
Urban Growth - The increase in the population in an urban area
Urbanisation - The increase in proportion of the population living in an urban area as a percentage
What is a megacity
A metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million
Define Urban Sprawl
The spread of an urban area into the the surrounding countryside
Define a world city
A city that acts as a major centre of finance, trade, business, politics, culture, science, information, media and all associated services - serving not only the nation but the whole world
List and explain the 2 main causes of urbanisation
- Rural to Urban Migration - Caused by push and pull factors causing people to move away from rural areas and be drawn into urban areas
- Natural Population Increase - High in urban areas, This is due to a more dense population and the demographic of people in urban areas tending to be more in their fertile years, increasing birth rate.
What is the predicted urban population in years 1945, 2014 and 2050
1945 - 800 million
2014 - 4 billion
2050 - 7 billion
What 2 continents are predicted to see the highest urban growth in the near future
Asia - Increase of 1 billion from 2014 to 2050
Africa - Increase of 600 million from 2014 to 2050
List and explain at least 3 consequences of Urbanisation + Urban Growth
- Urban Sprawl - Growth of a city can cause uncontrolled and unplanned urbanisation. This could be high cost and causes large scale habitat loss in old rural areas.
- Housing Shortage in LICs - Could cause an increase in slums + squatter settlements meaning more people live in poor living conditions.
- Shortage of Affordable Housing in HICs - Rapid increase in rental and housing price and the rise of gentrification of buildings from wealthy foreign investors.
- Lack of Urban Services - Increase in conjunction, pollution, flooding + Spread of Disease
List Economic Factors leading to urban growth
- Cost of Land
- Structual Job Changes
- New Employment Opportunities
- Industrialisation
- Affordable Housing
- Globalisation
List Social Factors leading to urban growth
- Concentration of Socio-Economic groups
- Geographical and social mobility
- Access to cultural and social participation + diversity
List Technological Factors leading to urban growth
- More developed infrastructure
- Better connectivity
- Attraction of digital businesses
List Political Factors leading to urban growth
- Regeneration Schemes
- Re-Imaging
- Planning decisions improving land use and making urban areas more attractive places to live.
List Demographic Factors leading to urban growth
- Population growth
- Attraction of urban areas to young + mobile populations
What is the most Interconnected city in the world using alpha ranking
London
Define suburbanisation
The outward growth of people, services and employment towards the edges of an urban area
What is the green belt
Rings of green space with increased building regulations, designed to reduce urban sprawl located around the outer suburbs of a city on its rural urban fringe.
Give examples of suburbanisation in Guildford
- The Shrinkage of Stoke Park
- Guildfords boundaries have engulfed previous village settlements of Park Barn, Onslow Village, Bushy Hill and Merrow
- Creation of industrial estate on prior rural-urban fringe.
- Introduction of new schools
List Push factors away from urban areas
- Loud, Busy, Conjested
- Pollution (Health issues)
- Lack of Green Space
- More Crime (in general)
- Expensive food + properties
- Smaller Properties
List Pull factors into suburban areas
- Quiet + less conjested
- Less Polluted
- Lots of green space + recreational areas
- Less crime
- Less expensive food and property
- Larger Property size
- Affordable housing
- Shops and services
Describe what the donut effect is with an example from changing places
Essentially what happens if suburbanisation occurs too quickly leaving a hole in the city centre (like a donut) as services leave the centre and people follow. This happened in Detroit when the automotive industry left the CBD of Detroit, leaving it Barron while the suburbs continue, far less effected.
In Serbiton what percentage of people are well educated (level 4 qualification) compared to national average
57% in Serbiton to 33.9% national average
What percentage of Serbiton residents work in professional occupations compared to national average
41.7% in Serbiton to 31% on national average
List causes of Suburbanisation in Serbiton
- Large variety in shops, drawing people in due to convenience of range of shops nearby.
- Close to main roads e.g. A3 making commuting and travel easy and convenient
- Good state schools draw families with children to area
List the effects of suburbanisation on Serbiton
- Rapid increase in house price as demands for housing in the area increase to around £700,000
- 70% of households own a car leading to large amounts of congestion and pollution
- Located in London Zone 6 making it expensive to commute