Contemporary Urban Enivrioments Flashcards
what is a built envrioment
the human made surroundings that provide the setting or human activity
what is counter urbanisation
a process in which certain groups of people often the better off leave urban areas for rural areas
what is deindustrialisation
the reduction of manufacturing within an economy
what is gentrification
the displacement of working class residence of a neighbourhood by wealthier professionals
what is urbanisation
the increaser and proportion of people who live in urban settlements
what is suburbansiation
outward spread of built up area, often at lower densities. people moving from urban centre to the edge of the urban areas
what is urban sprawl
continued outward spread consuming smaller towns/villages
what is counter urbanisation
the movement of people and employment from major settlements to smaller settlements
what is re-urbanisation
the movement of people and employment back into the city centre
what is urban growth
the increase in the total population of a town or city
what is urban expansion
the increase in size or geographical footprint of a city
what are megacities
a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million people
what are million cities
a city with a population of more than 1 million people
what are world cities
cities which are seen to have an important role in the global economic system
what are the causes of urban growth
-natural population growth
-rural to urban migration
MUMBAI CASE STUDY
background information
-mumbai is located in the maharshta state on the west coast of india
-it has a rough population of 23 million
-mumbai is famous for bollywood cinema
-mumbai is the financial hub of india
what are the push factors of mumbai
-half a million people are stranded by flood waters in the indian state of bihar
-droughts affecting poor farming communities
-corruption in government schemes and poor food and water supply
-2/3 of the countries population doesnt have a bank account
-lack of sanitation and safe drinking water the country suffers from malnutrition and disease
what are the pull factors of mumbai
-higher level of pay
-improved quality of life
-more job opportunities with large global companies
-many more services which are accessible easily such as fine dining, shopping etc
-improved technological ability
-large global corporations
-social opportunities
DHARAVI - HYPER URBANISATION CASE STUDY
what is hyper urbanisation
where the increase in the urban population is happening so rapidly that the city cannot cope with the need of the people
background info
-dharavi is locatred in mumbai in the state of maharashta in india and is considered to be one of the worlds largest slums
-dharavi has a population of one million
-with the size of the slum being one square mile with rapid growth
-one billion dollars output
dharavi characteristics
-dharavi has narrow streets with lots of plastic as dharavi is known as being one of the highest recycling places in the world
-all of the buildings are one story high which are built with weak and poor building materials
-roofs are either made out of blue tarpooling as it is cheap and waterproof or from iron ridged roofing
dharavis economy
-pottery
-leather tanning
-10 000 factories that turn the leather into clothes
-85% employment rate
-earn a pound a day
dharavi socially
-disease is common such as contaminated water
-safe neighbourhood
-sense of community
-no protection for workers
-sleep where they work
-most people only want sanitation and water
-roughly 1500 people share 1 toilet
key figures
-60% of mumbais population in slums
-one million in one square mile
-one toilet per 1500 people
-one million rubbish bags collected each day
-35000 rag pickers
solutions for the future
-2 billion dollar plan as a solution for the future
-central location makes it value
-want to knock down dharavi and built apartments (vision mumbai 2020)
- only a small proportion would be rehoused leaving thousands to be displaced
-better to improve the bad than destroy the good
characteristics of an original village
-stone built houses with slate or thatch roof, some farmhouses and most 100 year old with distinctive architecture
-small close knit community
-rural bus service with narrow winding road networks
-village shops, small schools, pub, village hall
-primary jobs such as farming and labouring
-quiet environment and relatively pollution free
what are the characteristics of suburban villages
-new mainly detached housing on small estates with gentrified cottages and barn conversions
-declining bus services as most new families have cars
-closure of basic shops as people have cars and travel to major supermarkets
-professionals, executives, often wealthy middle class families or relatives
-more noise pollution
SAINT IVES CASE STUDY: COUNTER URBANISATION EXAMPLE
background info
-saintt ives is in cambridgeshire is an example of counter urbanisation
-in 1961, the population was just 3800, however in 2010 the population has reached 16,400
- a quarter of the population commute to london each day
impacts on saint ives
-along the A14 traffic congestion is causing a big problem during rush hour
-the average house price in saint ives role from £130,000 to £291,000 between 2000 and 2010
-commuters can afford these high prices but locals cant
-to cope with demand of housing, new developments are being built on the floodplain. this floodplain is on the south of the river great ouse
-the population structure of the area has changed, the population was ageing however now there younger people and families
management of saint ives
-future developments are going to be controlled so that they fit into the area
-there are plans to expand primary schools which will give 240 more places
-along the river they are building flood protection works that cost £8.8 million this included new embankments and flood walls
-a £16 million busway has been built that links saint ives to hunington and cambridge. this will hopefully reduce congestion as they will not need to travel on the A14
-in 2010, plans were approved to build 200 new homes , 75 of these houses are going to be affordable housing
what are the affects of counterurbanisation
-as more people leave the urban areas and relocate in rural settlements both the physical and human social characteristics of those settlements change
-in many cases the villages develop into suburbanised villages
the hudson model of suburbanised village
stage 1:
-individual new houses are attached to the village edge
-non residential buildings such as beans are converted into homes.
-vacant land in the village including gardens may be used for infilling growth in minimal
stage 2:
-linear development (ribbon development) takes place along the main roads. stage 1 and 2 are common in villages all over the country
stage 3:
-land between roads entering the village is infilled with larger housing developments.
-these small estates make a significant change to a villages character in both its appearance and the characteristics of its residents
-many of these newer homes are occupied by people from nearby towns and cities hoping to find a balance between urban and rural lifestyles
-as they work outside of the village and shop elsewhere they may contribute little to village life sometimes causing conflict between long term and newer village residents
