Contemporary Urban Enivrioments Flashcards

1
Q

what is a built envrioment

A

the human made surroundings that provide the setting or human activity

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2
Q

what is counter urbanisation

A

a process in which certain groups of people often the better off leave urban areas for rural areas

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3
Q

what is deindustrialisation

A

the reduction of manufacturing within an economy

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4
Q

what is gentrification

A

the displacement of working class residence of a neighbourhood by wealthier professionals

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5
Q

what is urbanisation

A

the increaser and proportion of people who live in urban settlements

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6
Q

what is suburbansiation

A

outward spread of built up area, often at lower densities. people moving from urban centre to the edge of the urban areas

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7
Q

what is urban sprawl

A

continued outward spread consuming smaller towns/villages

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8
Q

what is counter urbanisation

A

the movement of people and employment from major settlements to smaller settlements

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9
Q

what is re-urbanisation

A

the movement of people and employment back into the city centre

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10
Q

what is urban growth

A

the increase in the total population of a town or city

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11
Q

what is urban expansion

A

the increase in size or geographical footprint of a city

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12
Q

what are megacities

A

a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million people

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13
Q

what are million cities

A

a city with a population of more than 1 million people

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14
Q

what are world cities

A

cities which are seen to have an important role in the global economic system

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15
Q

what are the causes of urban growth

A

-natural population growth
-rural to urban migration

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16
Q

MUMBAI CASE STUDY

17
Q

background information

A

-mumbai is located in the maharshta state on the west coast of india
-it has a rough population of 23 million
-mumbai is famous for bollywood cinema
-mumbai is the financial hub of india

18
Q

what are the push factors of mumbai

A

-half a million people are stranded by flood waters in the indian state of bihar
-droughts affecting poor farming communities
-corruption in government schemes and poor food and water supply
-2/3 of the countries population doesnt have a bank account
-lack of sanitation and safe drinking water the country suffers from malnutrition and disease

19
Q

what are the pull factors of mumbai

A

-higher level of pay
-improved quality of life
-more job opportunities with large global companies
-many more services which are accessible easily such as fine dining, shopping etc
-improved technological ability
-large global corporations
-social opportunities

20
Q

DHARAVI - HYPER URBANISATION CASE STUDY

21
Q

what is hyper urbanisation

A

where the increase in the urban population is happening so rapidly that the city cannot cope with the need of the people

22
Q

background info

A

-dharavi is locatred in mumbai in the state of maharashta in india and is considered to be one of the worlds largest slums
-dharavi has a population of one million
-with the size of the slum being one square mile with rapid growth
-one billion dollars output

23
Q

dharavi characteristics

A

-dharavi has narrow streets with lots of plastic as dharavi is known as being one of the highest recycling places in the world
-all of the buildings are one story high which are built with weak and poor building materials
-roofs are either made out of blue tarpooling as it is cheap and waterproof or from iron ridged roofing

24
Q

dharavis economy

A

-pottery
-leather tanning
-10 000 factories that turn the leather into clothes
-85% employment rate
-earn a pound a day

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dharavi socially
-disease is common such as contaminated water -safe neighbourhood -sense of community -no protection for workers -sleep where they work -most people only want sanitation and water -roughly 1500 people share 1 toilet
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key figures
-60% of mumbais population in slums -one million in one square mile -one toilet per 1500 people -one million rubbish bags collected each day -35000 rag pickers
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solutions for the future
-2 billion dollar plan as a solution for the future -central location makes it value -want to knock down dharavi and built apartments (vision mumbai 2020) - only a small proportion would be rehoused leaving thousands to be displaced -better to improve the bad than destroy the good
28
characteristics of an original village
-stone built houses with slate or thatch roof, some farmhouses and most 100 year old with distinctive architecture -small close knit community -rural bus service with narrow winding road networks -village shops, small schools, pub, village hall -primary jobs such as farming and labouring -quiet environment and relatively pollution free
29
what are the characteristics of suburban villages
-new mainly detached housing on small estates with gentrified cottages and barn conversions -declining bus services as most new families have cars -closure of basic shops as people have cars and travel to major supermarkets -professionals, executives, often wealthy middle class families or relatives -more noise pollution
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SAINT IVES CASE STUDY: COUNTER URBANISATION EXAMPLE
31
background info
-saintt ives is in cambridgeshire is an example of counter urbanisation -in 1961, the population was just 3800, however in 2010 the population has reached 16,400 - a quarter of the population commute to london each day
32
impacts on saint ives
-along the A14 traffic congestion is causing a big problem during rush hour -the average house price in saint ives role from £130,000 to £291,000 between 2000 and 2010 -commuters can afford these high prices but locals cant -to cope with demand of housing, new developments are being built on the floodplain. this floodplain is on the south of the river great ouse -the population structure of the area has changed, the population was ageing however now there younger people and families
33
management of saint ives
-future developments are going to be controlled so that they fit into the area -there are plans to expand primary schools which will give 240 more places -along the river they are building flood protection works that cost £8.8 million this included new embankments and flood walls -a £16 million busway has been built that links saint ives to hunington and cambridge. this will hopefully reduce congestion as they will not need to travel on the A14 -in 2010, plans were approved to build 200 new homes , 75 of these houses are going to be affordable housing
34
what are the affects of counterurbanisation
-as more people leave the urban areas and relocate in rural settlements both the physical and human social characteristics of those settlements change -in many cases the villages develop into suburbanised villages
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the hudson model of suburbanised village
stage 1: -individual new houses are attached to the village edge -non residential buildings such as beans are converted into homes. -vacant land in the village including gardens may be used for infilling growth in minimal stage 2: -linear development (ribbon development) takes place along the main roads. stage 1 and 2 are common in villages all over the country stage 3: -land between roads entering the village is infilled with larger housing developments. -these small estates make a significant change to a villages character in both its appearance and the characteristics of its residents -many of these newer homes are occupied by people from nearby towns and cities hoping to find a balance between urban and rural lifestyles -as they work outside of the village and shop elsewhere they may contribute little to village life sometimes causing conflict between long term and newer village residents
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