Contemporary Urban Enivrioments

Question 1

what is a built envrioment

Answer 1

the human made surroundings that provide the setting or human activity

Question 2

what is counter urbanisation

Answer 2

a process in which certain groups of people often the better off leave urban areas for rural areas

Question 3

what is deindustrialisation

Answer 3

the reduction of manufacturing within an economy

Question 4

what is gentrification

Answer 4

the displacement of working class residence of a neighbourhood by wealthier professionals

Question 5

what is urbanisation

Answer 5

the increaser and proportion of people who live in urban settlements

Question 6

what is suburbansiation

Answer 6

outward spread of built up area, often at lower densities. people moving from urban centre to the edge of the urban areas

Question 7

what is urban sprawl

Answer 7

continued outward spread consuming smaller towns/villages

Question 8

what is counter urbanisation

Answer 8

the movement of people and employment from major settlements to smaller settlements

Question 9

what is re-urbanisation

Answer 9

the movement of people and employment back into the city centre

Question 10

what is urban growth

Answer 10

the increase in the total population of a town or city

Question 11

what is urban expansion

Answer 11

the increase in size or geographical footprint of a city

Question 12

what are megacities

Answer 12

a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million people

Question 13

what are million cities

Answer 13

a city with a population of more than 1 million people

Question 14

what are world cities

Answer 14

cities which are seen to have an important role in the global economic system

Question 15

what are the causes of urban growth

Answer 15

-natural population growth
-rural to urban migration

Question 16

MUMBAI CASE STUDY

Question 17

background information

Answer 17

-mumbai is located in the maharshta state on the west coast of india
-it has a rough population of 23 million
-mumbai is famous for bollywood cinema
-mumbai is the financial hub of india

Question 18

what are the push factors of mumbai

Answer 18

-half a million people are stranded by flood waters in the indian state of bihar
-droughts affecting poor farming communities
-corruption in government schemes and poor food and water supply
-2/3 of the countries population doesnt have a bank account
-lack of sanitation and safe drinking water the country suffers from malnutrition and disease

Question 19

what are the pull factors of mumbai

Answer 19

-higher level of pay
-improved quality of life
-more job opportunities with large global companies
-many more services which are accessible easily such as fine dining, shopping etc
-improved technological ability
-large global corporations
-social opportunities

Question 20

DHARAVI - HYPER URBANISATION CASE STUDY

Question 21

what is hyper urbanisation

Answer 21

where the increase in the urban population is happening so rapidly that the city cannot cope with the need of the people

Question 22

background info

Answer 22

-dharavi is locatred in mumbai in the state of maharashta in india and is considered to be one of the worlds largest slums
-dharavi has a population of one million
-with the size of the slum being one square mile with rapid growth
-one billion dollars output

Question 23

dharavi characteristics

Answer 23

-dharavi has narrow streets with lots of plastic as dharavi is known as being one of the highest recycling places in the world
-all of the buildings are one story high which are built with weak and poor building materials
-roofs are either made out of blue tarpooling as it is cheap and waterproof or from iron ridged roofing

Question 24

dharavis economy

Answer 24

-pottery
-leather tanning
-10 000 factories that turn the leather into clothes
-85% employment rate
-earn a pound a day

Question 25

dharavi socially

Answer 25

-disease is common such as contaminated water
-safe neighbourhood
-sense of community
-no protection for workers
-sleep where they work
-most people only want sanitation and water
-roughly 1500 people share 1 toilet

Question 26

key figures

Answer 26

-60% of mumbais population in slums
-one million in one square mile
-one toilet per 1500 people
-one million rubbish bags collected each day
-35000 rag pickers

Question 27

solutions for the future

Answer 27

-2 billion dollar plan as a solution for the future
-central location makes it value
-want to knock down dharavi and built apartments (vision mumbai 2020)
- only a small proportion would be rehoused leaving thousands to be displaced
-better to improve the bad than destroy the good

Question 28

characteristics of an original village

Answer 28

-stone built houses with slate or thatch roof, some farmhouses and most 100 year old with distinctive architecture
-small close knit community
-rural bus service with narrow winding road networks
-village shops, small schools, pub, village hall
-primary jobs such as farming and labouring
-quiet environment and relatively pollution free

Question 29

what are the characteristics of suburban villages

Answer 29

-new mainly detached housing on small estates with gentrified cottages and barn conversions
-declining bus services as most new families have cars
-closure of basic shops as people have cars and travel to major supermarkets
-professionals, executives, often wealthy middle class families or relatives
-more noise pollution

Question 30

SAINT IVES CASE STUDY: COUNTER URBANISATION EXAMPLE

Question 31

background info

Answer 31

-saintt ives is in cambridgeshire is an example of counter urbanisation
-in 1961, the population was just 3800, however in 2010 the population has reached 16,400
- a quarter of the population commute to london each day

Question 32

impacts on saint ives

Answer 32

-along the A14 traffic congestion is causing a big problem during rush hour
-the average house price in saint ives role from £130,000 to £291,000 between 2000 and 2010
-commuters can afford these high prices but locals cant
-to cope with demand of housing, new developments are being built on the floodplain. this floodplain is on the south of the river great ouse
-the population structure of the area has changed, the population was ageing however now there younger people and families

Question 33

management of saint ives

Answer 33

-future developments are going to be controlled so that they fit into the area
-there are plans to expand primary schools which will give 240 more places
-along the river they are building flood protection works that cost £8.8 million this included new embankments and flood walls
-a £16 million busway has been built that links saint ives to hunington and cambridge. this will hopefully reduce congestion as they will not need to travel on the A14
-in 2010, plans were approved to build 200 new homes , 75 of these houses are going to be affordable housing

Question 34

what are the affects of counterurbanisation

Answer 34

-as more people leave the urban areas and relocate in rural settlements both the physical and human social characteristics of those settlements change
-in many cases the villages develop into suburbanised villages

Question 35

the hudson model of suburbanised village

Answer 35

stage 1:
-individual new houses are attached to the village edge
-non residential buildings such as beans are converted into homes.
-vacant land in the village including gardens may be used for infilling growth in minimal
stage 2:
-linear development (ribbon development) takes place along the main roads. stage 1 and 2 are common in villages all over the country
stage 3:
-land between roads entering the village is infilled with larger housing developments.
-these small estates make a significant change to a villages character in both its appearance and the characteristics of its residents
-many of these newer homes are occupied by people from nearby towns and cities hoping to find a balance between urban and rural lifestyles
-as they work outside of the village and shop elsewhere they may contribute little to village life sometimes causing conflict between long term and newer village residents