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1ST YEAR MIDTERM > CONTEMPO WORLD (RELIGION) > Flashcards

CONTEMPO WORLD (RELIGION) Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT: the networking and expansion of once local products, beliefs, and practices into universal products, beliefs and practices often through technology.

A

Globalization

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2
Q

WHAT: a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and world views that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and to moral values

A

Religion

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3
Q

The World’s Major Religions

A

✓Hinduism
✓Buddhism
✓Judaism
✓Islam
✓Christianity

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4
Q

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION

A

Polytheism
Monotheism
Atheism
Animism

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5
Q

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION: Multiple gods

A

POLYTHEISM

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6
Q

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION: Single god

A

MONOTHEISM

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7
Q

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION: No deities

A

ATHEISM

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8
Q

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION: Nonhuman beings
(Animals, plants,
natural world)

A

ANIMISM

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9
Q

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION:
Hinduism, Ancient
Greeks, and Romans

A

POLYTHEISM

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10
Q

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION:
Judaism, Islam, Christianity

A

MONOTHEISM

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11
Q

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION:
Atheism, Buddhism and Taoism

A

ATHEISM

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12
Q

RELIGIOUS CLASSIFICATION: Indigenous Nature Worship, Shintoism

A

ANIMISM

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13
Q

WHO/WHAT THEY BELIEVE: Hinduism

A

Multiple gods

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14
Q

WHO/WHAT THEY BELIEVE: Buddhism

A

Siddartha Gautama

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15
Q

WHO/WHAT THEY BELIEVE: Islam

A

Allah (God)
Muhammad

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16
Q

WHO/WHAT THEY BELIEVE: Christianity

A

Holy Trinity
Jesus Christ

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17
Q

WHO/WHAT THEY BELIEVE: Judaism

A

God
Abraham
Moses

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18
Q

EMILE DURKHEIM’S THREE MAJOR FUNCTIONS IN SOCIETY

A

Social Cohesion
Social Control
Provides Meaning and Purpose

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19
Q

MAJOR FUNCTIONS IN SOCIETY: help maintain social solidarity, harmony, unity by sharing rituals and beliefs

A

Social Cohesion

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20
Q

MAJOR FUNCTIONS IN SOCIETY: enforce religious-based morals and norms to help maintain conformity and control in society

A

Social Control

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21
Q

MAJOR FUNCTIONS IN SOCIETY: answer any existential questions

A

Provides Meaning and Purpose

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22
Q

MEANS ON DISSEMINATION OF RELIGIOUS IDEAS

A

❄ Information Technologies
❄ Transportation
❄ Media

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23
Q

WHAT: an unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

A

Terrorism

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24
Q

RELIGION: teaches that there is only one God and that “in the beginning” this God spoke the entire universe into existence.

A

Christianity

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25
Q

CHRISTIANITY: Adam and Eve tend the garden in which they live, and are free to eat from any tree except the…

A

Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil

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26
Q

CHRISTIANITY: Many generations after Adam, God chooses a man named _______ to make into a great nation. A nation that will one day birth a Messiah to release mankind from the bondage of sin and death.

A

Abraham

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27
Q

CHRISTIANITY: The word _______is used to describe an act that pays for or erases one’s sins and transgressions

A

atonement

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28
Q

CHRISTIANITY: The resurrected Christ appears to many people over a span of ________ before he bodily ascends into heaven. From there he rules and reigns with God the Father and sends the Holy Spirit to teach his followers.

A

forty days

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29
Q

Christians call the message of Jesus Christ the Gospel, meaning the…

A

good news

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30
Q

RELIGION: Based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who lived about 25 centuries ago in what is now Nepal and northeastern India.

A

Buddhism

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31
Q

BUDDHISM: He came to be called “the Buddha,” which means ______ after he experienced a profound realization of the nature of life, death and existence

A

awakened one

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32
Q

The most common estimate of the number of Buddhists in the world today is _______ which makes Buddhism the fourth largest of the world’s religions.

A

350 million

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33
Q

Instead of teaching doctrines to be memorized and believed, the Buddha taught how we can realize truth for ourselves. The focus of Buddhism is on _______

A

practice rather than belief.

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34
Q

Basic Teachings of Buddhism: The foundation of Buddhism is the Four Noble Truths.

A
  1. The truth of suffering (dukkha)
  2. The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya)
  3. The truth of the end of suffering (nirhodha)
  4. The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga)
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35
Q

RELIGION: simply means peace through submission to God. For a fifth of the world’s population, it is both a religion and a complete way of life.

A

Islam

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36
Q

The three Abrahamic traditions

A

Judaism (2000 BC, the oldest)
Christianity (26 AD)
Islam (610 AD)

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37
Q

five pillars of practice in Islam

A

Shahadah
Salat
Sawm
Zakat
Hajj

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38
Q

FIVE PILLARS OF PRACTICE IN ISLAM: declaration of faith in the oneness of God and that Muhammad is the last prophet of God

A

Shahadah

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39
Q

FIVE PILLARS OF PRACTICE IN ISLAM: Payer five times a day

A

Salat

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40
Q

FIVE PILLARS OF PRACTICE IN ISLAM: Fasting during the daylight hours in the month of Ramadan.

A

Sawm

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41
Q

FIVE PILLARS OF PRACTICE IN ISLAM: Poor-due charity - 2.5% of one’s savings given to the needy at the end of each year.

A

Zakat

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42
Q

FIVE PILLARS OF PRACTICE IN ISLAM: Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once, if physically and financially able.

A

Hajj

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43
Q

ISLAM: A book that is a collection of sayings and stories about the prophet

A

Hadith

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44
Q

Single set of laws that all Muslim Follow

A

Sharia

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45
Q

six articles of faith in Islam

A

belief in:
A) The One God.
B) All the Prophets of God.
C) The original scriptures revealed to Prophets Moses, David, Jesus, and Muhammad.
D) The Angels.
E) The Day of Judgment and the Hereafter.
F) The divine decree (or destiny).

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46
Q

To become Muslim, a person of any race or culture must say a simple statement, the (or the “witnessing”), that bears witness to the belief in the One God and that Prophet Muhammad was the last Prophet of God.

A

“shahadah”

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47
Q

ISLAM’s first Caliph

A

Abu Bakr (Muhammad’s father in law)

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48
Q

Two major sects of Islam

A

Sunni (Abu Bakr)
Shia (Ali)

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49
Q

______ embrace Islam without any military campaigns

A

Mongols

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50
Q

JUDAISM: One day, God spoke to a man named Abraham telling him to leave his home in Mesopotamia and take his family on a long journey west to a land called….

A

Canaan

51
Q

JUDAISM: 10 plagues in Egypt that was a result to the refusal of the Pharaoh of freeing the Hebrew slaves

A
  1. Water Into Blood
  2. Frogs
  3. Lice
  4. Flies
  5. Diseased Livestock
  6. Boils that would not heal
  7. Hail and Thunder
  8. Locusts
  9. Darkness
  10. Death of the First Born
52
Q

JUDAISM: When the Pharaoh agreed to free the slaves, Moses led his people out of Egypt in a journey called…

A

The Exodus

53
Q

JUDAISM: two kingdoms of Israel

A

Israel
Judah (the jews)

54
Q

JUDAISM: The scattering of Jews outside of Israel and Judah is called the….

A

Diaspora

55
Q

RELIGION: Any Indian Religion that is indigenous from and grows out if India’ sacred past

A

Hinduism

56
Q

FORM OF HINDUISM: Involves a Brahmin priest who takes the animal you bring to him, sacrifices it, cooks it, and gives it to you to eat.

A

Vedic Sacrifice

57
Q

HINDUISM: 1000 sacrifice songs gathered together and was called as….

A

Rig Veda

58
Q

Hinduism: There is one ultimate essence of reality.

A

Brahman

59
Q

Hinduism: our soul or essence

A

Atman

60
Q

FORM OF HINDUISM: The simple joy of devotion to the gods

A

Bhakti Hinduism

61
Q

FORM OF HINDUISM: The focus on the interplay between the devine masculine and feminine. Revolved with Lord Shiva and his consort (older text known as Parvati).

A

Shaktism

61
Q

God worshiped in Judaism

A

Elohim

61
Q

Important Figure in Judaism

A

Moses

61
Q

Important Figure in Christianity

A

Saint Paul

62
Q

Important Figure in Islam

A

Muhammad

63
Q

God worshiped in Islam

A

Allah

64
Q

Holy book of Judaism

A

Tanakh (Torah Naveem Ketuvim)

65
Q

Place of worship of Judaism

A

Synagogue

66
Q

Prayer Leader of Judaism

A

Rabbi (a spiritual guide and teacher)

67
Q

Place of worship of Christianity

A

Church

68
Q

Place of worship of Islam

A

Mosque

69
Q

Holy book of Christianity

A

Bible

70
Q

God worshiped in Christianity

A

Jesus

71
Q

Prayer Leader of Christianity

A

Pastor (leads the congregation in worship and provides spiritual counseling)

72
Q

Prayer Leader of Islam

A

Imam (leads the Muslim Community in prayer and offers religious guidance)

73
Q

Prayer Ritual of Judaism

A

Amidah (performed while standing and consisting of blessings and supplications)

74
Q

Prayer Ritual of Christianity

A

Liturgy (structured public worship service with prayers and readings and rituals that vary according to denomination)

75
Q

Prayer Ritual of Islam

A

SALAH (prayer 5 times a day and includes physical actions and recitations from the Quran)

76
Q

Greetings in Judaism

A

Shalom (wish for peace)

77
Q

Greetings in Christianity

A

Peace be with you (conveys blessing)

78
Q

Greetings in Islam

A

Assalamu Alaikum (peace be upon you)

79
Q

Highest Jew population

A

Israel

80
Q

Highest Christianity population

A

USA

81
Q

Highest Islam population

A

Indonesia

82
Q

Place of pilgrimage for Judaism

A

Western Wall in Jerusalem

83
Q

Place of pilgrimage for Christianity

A

Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem

84
Q

Place of pilgrimage for Islam

A

Kaaba in Mecca

85
Q

Biggest Holiday in Judaism

A

Yom Kippur (fasting and repentance)

86
Q

Biggest Holiday in Christianity

A

Christmas (birth of jesus)

87
Q

Biggest Holiday in Islam

A

Eid Al-Adha (Sacrifice of Ibrahim)

88
Q

Second Biggest Holiday of Judaism

A

Hanukkah (eight-day festival of lights)

89
Q

Second Biggest Holiday of Christianity

A

Easter (the resurrection of Jesus Christ)

90
Q

Second Biggest Holiday of Islam

A

Eid Al-Fitr (end of Ramadan)

91
Q

Promised Land of Judaism

A

Olam Ha-Ba (peaceful place amongst the clouds)

92
Q

Promised Land of Christianity

A

Heaven (kingdom above the sky)

93
Q

Promised Land of Islam

A

Jannah (a beautiful garden filled with delights)

94
Q

Place of Punishment in Judaism

A

Gehenna

95
Q

Place of Punishment in Christianity

A

Hell

96
Q

Place of Punishment in Islam

A

Jahannam

97
Q

Creatures of Darkness of Judaism

A

Satan (agent of God responsible for testing humans)

98
Q

Creatures of Darkness of Christianity

A

Devil (fallen angel)

99
Q

Creatures of Darkness of Islam

A

Shaitan (Rebellious figure acting against God’s Will)

100
Q

False Prophet of Judaism

A

Mashiach Sheker

101
Q

False Prophet of Christianity

A

Antichrist

102
Q

False Prophet of Islam

A

Dajjal

103
Q

Greatest deed of Judaism

A

Tikkun Olam (duty to rebuild the world so it can be a better place)

104
Q

Greatest deed of Islam

A

Jihad (struggle in the name of God and sacrificing personal enjoyment to help others.

105
Q

Greatest deed of Christianity

A

Love

106
Q

Worst Violation of Judaism

A

Idolatry (betraying God to worship other deities)

107
Q

Worst Violation of Christianity

A

7 deadly sins

108
Q

Worst Violation of Islam

A

Shirk (worshiping more than one God)

109
Q

Greatest Kingdom of Judaism

A

Kingdom of Israel (1047-930 BC)

110
Q

Greatest Kingdom of Christianity

A

Byzantine Empire (330-145 AD)

111
Q

Greatest Kingdom of Islam

A

Abbasid Caliphate (750-1517 AD)

112
Q

Greatest King of Judaism

A

David

113
Q

Greatest King of Christianity

A

Constantine

114
Q

Greatest King of Islam

A

Mehmed II

115
Q

Notable Woman in Judaism

A

Sarah (wife of Abraham)

116
Q

Notable Woman in Christianity

A

Mary (mother of Jesus)

117
Q

Notable Woman in Islam

A

Khadija (wife and mentor of Muhammad)

118
Q

Special Food of Judaism

A

Maror & Charoset (Consumed during Passover)

119
Q

Special Food of Christianity

A

Bread and Wine

120
Q

Special Food of Islam

A

Dates and Honey (consumed to break the fast during Ramadan)

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