Construction Technology & Enviro Services

Question 1

Outline types of foundation solutions?

Answer 1

Strip, Pad, Pile, Trench, Raft

Question 2

What frame solutions were compared in the construction technology module?

Answer 2

Steel, timber, and concrete.

Question 3

What are the advantages and disadvantages of steel frame?

Answer 3

ADV
-Quick to assemble
-100% recyclable
- higher strength

DIS
-Need fire protection
-High price fluctuation
-Experience builder - more cost

Question 4

What recent building regulations were mentioned?

Answer 4

Building Safety Act 2022

Question 5

How do building regulations affect design and construction?

Question 6

Advantages and Disadvantages of Pad Foundations

Question 7

Advantages and Disadvantages of Strip Foundations

Question 8

Advantages and Disadvantages of Pile Foundations

Question 9

Advantages and Disadvantages of Raft Foundations

Question 10

What is a Pad Foundation

Answer 10

Pad foundations provide a base for reinforced concrete or steel columns.

Question 11

What is a Strip Foundation

Answer 11

-Strip foundations are formed by creating a shallow continuous excavation to support the perimeter and internal walls.

-Most soils and light structure

Question 12

What is a Pile Foundation

Question 13

What is a Raft Foundation

Answer 13

-Raft foundations spread the load of the superstructure over a large base

-Useful in low bearing capacity soils for light load buildings

• solid raft slab or beam and slab raft

Question 14

What are the advantages and disadvantages of timber frame?

Question 15

What are the advantages and disadvantages of concrete frame?

Answer 15

ADV
-Low maintenance
-Sound & heat insulation
-inherent fire protection

DIS
-More time consuming to install
-Weather can affect install
-Heavy - larger foundations needed

Question 16

What is Buildability?

Question 17

Benefits of off site construction?

Question 18

What Temporary works?

Answer 18

-Works required to allow safe construction of permanent works as per the design.
-Installed and removed on completion

Question 19

What is a hoist?

Question 20

What is substructure?

Answer 20

All works undertaken below the damp proof course and the basis for the structure to be built on.

Question 21

Forms of excavation?

Question 22

Key factors to consider in excavtion?

Question 23

Purpose of foundations?

Question 24

Purpose of Frames?

Question 25

What should you consider when selecting a foundation type?

Question 26

How to frames and foundations work to support a structure?

Question 27

What is superstructure?

Answer 27

-Superstructure is everything above the DPM layer. - External walls, stair, roof, ceilings etc

Question 28

What is an envelope of a building?

Answer 28

Material which forms the external shell of a building.

Question 29

Key considerations when designing external walls?

Question 30

Standard brick sizes UK?

Question 31

What are the main components of concrete?

Answer 31

Cement, aggregate (crushed stone) & water

Question 32

What are building regs?

Answer 32

Statutory regulations setting out minimal performance spec and standards.

Question 33

List some approved documents

Answer 33

Part B - Fire Safety Part C - Site prep and damp proofing Part L - conservation of fuel

Question 34

Typical components of site investigation?

Answer 34

- The objective is to collect and record data to help\which may impact the design and construction process. - Soil, ground water, existing buildings

Question 35

Purpose of soil investigation?

Answer 35

Their purpose is to determine the suitability of the site for the proposed works and determine adequate and economic foundation design.

Question 36

Main site considerations?

Answer 36

-Access -Storage -Services - Plant - H&S risk

Question 37

What is a retained facade?

Answer 37

-An external wall of a building which is to remain throughout construction -Often required due to being a listed building requirement

Question 38

What are tower cranes and list considerations during its erection?

Answer 38

-Plant which allows lifting of materials and other plant from ground to higher locations Considerations: -Longer boom reduces payload capacity -Small cranes used to erect main tower crane - Cant be used in adverse weather i.e wind

Question 39

What is scaffolding?

Answer 39

- Scaffold is a temporary working platform erected around the perimeter of a structure to provide a safe working place at a convenient height. -Scaffold is usually required for work 1.5m above ground level.

Question 40

What is shoring?

Answer 40

Shoring is a form of temporary support given to existing buildings.

Question 41

What are boreholes?

Answer 41

A borehole is a narrow, deep hole drilled into the ground to access subsurface resources or to conduct soil investigations

Question 42

What are piles and list the different types of piles

Answer 42

-A series of columns constructed or inserted into the ground to transmit the load of a structure to a lower level of subsoil -Used for poor subsoil where normal foundations cant be used -Sheet, secant, bored, pre-cast

Question 43

What are the different ways piles transfer load?

Answer 43

-End bearing - transfer through poor subsoil to strong rocks or sand -Friction - create friction between outer surface and soil -Settlement - used under raft foundation and reduce differential settlement -Tension - resist uplifting forces

Question 44

Difference between bored & precast piles?

Answer 44

-Bored - Auger used to excavate piles and concrete poured in used in cohesive soil & friction pile -Precast -Hammered into the ground used where soft soil deposits overlie firm soil

Question 45

What is a retaining wall?

Answer 45

They are used to support and retain soils laterally so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides.

Question 46

Main types of excavation?

Answer 46

-Open - battered excavation and sides cut -Perimeter trench - requires earthworks -Complete excavation

Question 47

3 different types of basement construction?

Answer 47

-Retaining wall & raft - raft distro load - Box and cellular raft - wall distro load -Piled- piles distro load

Question 48

Dead load?

Question 49

Live loads?

Question 50

Pre-tensioned concrete?

Question 51

Post tension concrete?

Question 52

Reinforced concrete?

Question 53

Portal frame?

Question 54

Portal frame most suitable for what build?

Question 55

What is formwork?

Question 56

Cat A fit out?

Question 57

Cat B fit out?

Question 58

Shell and core?

Question 59

O&M Manuals?

Question 60

Named some banned construction materials?

Question 61

British Standards?

Answer 61

- Publications issued by British Standards -Recommends minimum standards for materials, design and construction

Question 62

How do sprinklers work?

Question 63

Intumescent paint?

Question 64

Fire compartmentation?

Question 65

Name some fire safety provisions in new buildings?

Question 66

What is CBR Testing

Question 67

What type of vegetation can cause issues for construction?

Question 68

Types of site surveys\investigations?

Question 69

What is the objective of a site investigation?

Question 70

Explain siphonic drainage?

Question 71

Rainscreen cladding?

Question 72

Typical roof build ups?

Question 73

Types of roofs?

Question 74

Why do we install generators in addition to regular grid power

Question 75

What is HVAC

Question 76

FCU, AHU & VAV?

Question 77

Difference between natural and mechanical ventilation?

Question 78

Air source heat pump and how does it work?

Question 79

How many bricks in m2?

Question 80

Air brick?

Question 81

Different factors for partition materials?

Question 82

Types of flat roofs?

Question 83

Top down construction?

Question 84

Bottom up construction?