Construction Technology and Environmental Services Flashcards
You noted a NLC project where you advised steel over timber, other than cost what would you say is the benefit of steel over timber?
- Durability
- Higher tensile strength
- Steel wont warp or flex
- Fire resistance
- Steel wont rot
Are you aware of different methods of installing piles?
- Driven pile (displacement) is formed off site
- Bored (replacement) is manufactured on site
How are driven (displacement) piles installed?
Hammered or vibrated into the ground using percussion hammer, driver or vibration driver
How are bored (replacement) piles installed?
A whole is drilled into the ground and then filled with concrete which then sets and forms the pile.
How would you measure a steel frame?
Often given quants by engineer but if not;
Use the steelwork schedule to calculate the tonnage by taking the weight and measuring the length and allowing an additional 10% for connections.
Include for intumescent paint.
Can you list some Building Regulations Approved Documents
Part A: Structure
Part B: Fire Resistance
Part F: Ventilation
Part L: Conservation of Fuel and Power
Part M: Access to and use of buildings
Part O: Overheating
Part P: Electrical Safety
What is the difference between a steel and concrete frame?
Steel:
Faster
Recyclable
Beams span longer distances
HOWEVER;
Needs fire protection
Typically has a lower bearing capacity than concrete
Volatility in prices
Concrete:
Natural fire resistance
High acoustic and thermal insulation
Greater bearing capacity
Can take cladding and other finishes directly
HOWEVER;
Takes longer to erect
Bulky and required formwork
Doesn’t span as well as steel
What are some foundation types that are available?
- Raft
- Strip
- Pad
- Piles
What are the pros and cons of manufacturing off site/MMC?
Pros:
- Higher quality finish
- Typically shorter construction programme
Cons:
- Lack of flexibility (design changes difficult).
- Transportation challenges.
- Access to site constraints.
- Plant and lifting equipment required to handle.
- Strong quality control required.
- Skilled labour required.
- Advanced payment bond may be required.
What is the purpose of a foundation?
To support the structure by transferring it’s load to the ground.
What are the two types of piles?
- Friction
- End bearing
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using steel frame?
ADVANTAGES
- Faster to erect than traditional methods
- Spans longer distances
- Recyclable
DISADVANTAGES
- Prices are volatile
- Requires further fire protection
What components are required to measure steel work?
- Beams
- Columns
- Braces
- Connections
- Fire protection
What is formwork?
A structure used to pour concrete to form the required dimensions.
Typically stripped away once concrete has set.
What are buildings regulations?
A set of approved documents to ensure new buildings, conversions, renovations and extensions are safe, healthy and high performing.
Are you aware of the different types of piling?
- End bearing
- Friction
How do end bearing piles work?
End-bearing piles transfer the load of the building directly to a strong soil or rock layer deep below the ground. They are suitable when there is a hard stratum at a reasonable depth.
How do friction piles work?
Friction piles transfer the load through skin friction along the length of the pile. They are used when the soil is not strong enough to support end-bearing piles or when the hard stratum is too deep.
Which type of piles would you expect to see in a design suitable for a high-rise building in an urban area?
For a high-rise building in an urban area, a detailed ground investigation is essential to determine the soil conditions. If a strong layer is found at a reasonable depth, end-bearing piles may be more suitable. If not, friction piles might be the better option.
How can building regulations impact the design of a commercial office building in a city centre?
Regulations may dictate aspects such as fire safety, accessibility, energy efficiency, and structural integrity. For example, fire safety regulations may require the inclusion of fire-resistant materials, sprinkler systems, and adequate escape routes. Accessibility regulations may mandate features such as ramps, lifts, and accessible restrooms. Energy efficiency regulations could influence the choice of materials, insulation, and HVAC systems.
Discuss the potential challenges and solutions when installing piled foundations in a densely populated urban area.
Installing piled foundations in a densely populated urban area presents several challenges, including limited space, noise, vibration, and disruption to nearby structures and services. Solutions to these challenges include using quieter and less disruptive piling methods such as auger or bored piles instead of driven piles. Careful planning and coordination with local authorities and stakeholders can help minimise disruption. Monitoring and mitigating vibration and noise levels are also essential to prevent damage to nearby structures and reduce the impact on residents and businesses. Additionally, ensuring that all underground services are identified and protected is crucial to avoid accidental damage during piling operations.
