Construction Technology Flashcards
What RIBA stage is manufacturing and construction?
Stage 5 - Manufacturing and Construction.
What is buildability?
Buildability can be defined as the extent to which a design facilitates the ease of construction.
What are the benefits of off-site construction as opposed to onsite?
- Safety - hazards such as falls from height are more likely on site than a factory
- Efficiency and Quality - controlled environment
- Sustainability - can reduce waste product or facilitates the reuse of waste materials for other works
- Speed - work can occur on site at same time
What is the difference between building works and civil engineering works?
- Building works - all types of buildings such as houses, offices, hospital, staff
- Civil engineering works - drainage schemes, bridges, roads, retaining walls
What are temporary works?
Temporary works are the parts of a construction that are required to facilitate the permanent works, this includes:
1. Formwork
2. Propping
3. Scaffolding
4. Task lighting
5. Hoarding
6. Excavation support
What are hoists?
Designed for the vertical transport of goods and/or people.
What is shoring?
Forms of temporary support given to existing buildings and excavations to prevent collapse or movement.
What is a culvert?
- a tunnel like structure than allows water to travel, normally constructed underneath roads, railway lines or similar obstruction
What is the purpose of a drainage headwall?
They are used to protect the end of the drain and the embankment from corrosion.
What is the substructure of a building?
The substructure is that parts of a building that are in the ground and supports the superstructure. This includes basements, foundations and retaining walls.
What is ground heave?
Ground heave is usually associated with clay soil which swells when wet and causes the ground to move upwards.
What are different types of excavation?
- site clearance
- stripping topsoil
- reduced level dig
- cut and fill
- excavations for foundations
What must you consider when excavating?
Ground conditions
Underground services
Support systems that may be required
Proximity of other buildings
Depth of excavation
Method of excavation
What are the techniques to waterproof a basement?
- Tanking
- Cavity drainage system
Can you detail a road build up?
Compacted base
Base course
Binder course
Wearing/Surface course
What is the purpose of a foundation?
Foundations provide support for structures, transferring their load through the ground.
What would you consider when selecting foundations?
- Type of the building
- Nature of the ground
- Weight of the structure
- Cost
- Construction constraints
What are different foundations
- Pad foundations
- Strip foundations
- Raft foundations
- Piled foundations
What is a raft foundation?
A raft foundation is a continuous slab over the entire footprint of a building
What is a pad foundation
Pad foundation is a a square or rectangular on plan and is to support columns.
What is a strip foundation?
A strip foundation is a linear structure in the ground that is to support walls
What are pile foundations?
Pile foundations is a column (usually concrete) that extends into the ground.
This is used when soil capacity is poor.
There are two types:
- end bearing piles
- friction piles
There are two main construction methods:
- bored piles
- driven concrete piles
When would you use piled foundations?
- When the structure is heavy and underlying soil is weak
- When settlement issues are common
- When the water table is high
- Load distribution is not uniform
- Presence of horizontal forces
What is the difference between bored piles and driven piles?
Driven pile - manufactured off site
Bored pile - manufactured on site
What are secant wall piles?
Secant wall piles are interlocking piles which create a solid barrier free of gaps. Typically used to create a retaining wall.