Constructing Conclusions from Data 4.2 Flashcards
To study the effects of sleep on test performance, researchers constructed the following experiment: One group of students was allowed to sleep 5 hr the night before a morning test. The other group was allowed to sleep 8 hr the night before the same morning test. The researchers found that the group obtaining more sleep performed better on the test. Which of the following can be concluded from this experiment?
People do better on tests when they sleep 8 hr instead of 5 hr.
We do not have enough information about the experimental design to make a sound conclusion about the results.
People do better on tests when they sleep 5 hr instead of 8 hr.
The test was too easy.
We do not have enough information about the experimental design to make a sound conclusion about the results.
A correlation is _______
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
A best studied by conducting a scientific experiment.
a data trend that shows a cause-and-effect relationship.
the outcome of a hypothesis.
a linked trend in data that is not causal.
A linked trend in data that is not causal.
Which of the following are examples of empirical data? (Select all that apply.)
A
Jimena’s dog barks three times each time the mail is delivered.
B
The soup might burn your mouth.
C
I believe that it is sunny outside because that is what I see on the weather report.
D
I remember that there are still five eggs in the refrigerator.
E
The thermostat in our house reads 73 degrees Fahrenheit.
A
Jimena’s dog barks three times each time the mail is delivered.
E
The thermostat in our house reads 73 degrees Fahrenheit.
Which of the following statements is true?
A blind experiment (single-blind
experiment) prevents researcher bias.
Experiments that use a double-blind design decrease the influence of researcher and subject bias.
A double-blind experiment is one that ensures that both the research funding agency and the researcher are unaware of which independent variable treatment (experimental or control) the subject receives.
A double-blind design ensures that all variables in the experiment are controlled for.
Experiments that use a double-blind design decrease the influence of researcher and subject bias.
The control variable in an experiment is _________
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
set in place so that all variables are controlled for.
the dependent variable.
the one that is ignored.
used as a standard of comparison against which the effects (or lack of effects) caused by the experimental treatment can be measured.
used as a standard of comparison against which the effects (or lack of effects) caused by the experimental treatment can be measured.
To study the effects of caffeine intake on the completion of a 1-mile run, researchers constructed the following experiment: One group of males drank 2 cups of coffee before starting the run. The other group of males drank 2 cups of water before starting the run. The researchers found that the coffee drinking group ran faster. Which of the following can be concluded from this experiment?
We cannot make a sound conclusion about this experiment based on the information provided.
The males in the coffee-drinking group finished the race.
Drinking coffee makes you run faster.
It is easy to run 1 mile if you drink enough coffee.
We cannot make a sound conclusion about this experiment based on the information provided.
Scientific experiments _________
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
show us that a correlation between two variables means that one variable caused the other.
are better used for studying correlational relationships than causal relationships.
are designed to test causal relationships rather than correlations.
never produce data that can be analyzed for correlations.
are designed to test causal relationships rather than correlations.
Which of the following is not an example of empirical data?
Between 8 a.m. and 11 a.m., a device on the building’s automatic door opener records the number of times the door opens.
Each morning, Alina writes down the number of cars in the office parking lot.
While working across town, francisco imagines that gyo of his five cats are on the bed in his guest room.
This apple is sweet.
While working across town, Francisco imagines that two of his five cats are on the bed in his guest room.
Which of the following statements is false?
A blind experiment (single-blind experiment) prevents researcher bias.
A double-blind experiment is one that is designed so that both the researcher and the subject are unaware of which independent variable treatment (experimental or control) the subject receives.
Experiments that use a double-blind design decrease the influence of researcher and subject bias.
Even if a double-blind experimental design is employed, there can still be variables in the experiment that are not controlled for.
Even if a double-blind experimental design is employed, there can still be variables in the experiment that are not controlled for.
Which of the following statements is true?
The control group is the one that gets ignored.
The control variable of an experiment is the only variable that must be considered when making sure that extraneous variables are
“controlled for.”
A properly designed scientific experiment does not need to include a control.
In some scientific experiments, the control variable is referred to as a placebo.
In some scientific experiments, the control variable is referred to as a placebo.
Independent variable
Variable being tested (ex : someone taking a placebo)
Controlled variables
Conditions being kept the same
- Which of the following describes what was done to ty and avoid bias in this experiment?
A. All patients were given the medicine when pain levels were highest.
B. All patients had similar starting pain levels.
A placebo was given to the patient who did not receive the medication.
D. The experimenter followed the same directions each time when giving the medication.
Placebo was given to the patient who did not receive the medication
- The experimenter instructed patients to conduct similar activities during the 3 hours of testing. Which of the following is the name for this type of experimental factor?
A. Data
B. Independent variable
C. Dependent variable
D. Controlled variable
Controlled variables
- Which of the following experimental practices would strengthen the data supporting the conclusion?
A. Testing multiple dosages of medicine
B. Testing the medicine at different times of the day
C. Testing more patients experiencing similar types of pain to see if the results are reproducible
D. Removing the placebo group from further testing to prevent bias
C. Testing more patients experiencing similar types of pain to see if the results are reproducible
