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AP European History > Constitutionalism > Flashcards

Constitutionalism Flashcards

0
Q

Bill of Rights 1689

A

English document declaring sovereignty resided with Parliament

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1
Q

Absolutism

A

The theory that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power unilaterally.

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2
Q

Charles I 1652-1649

A

Stuart King who brought conflict with Parliament to a head and was subsequently executed

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3
Q

Charles II 1660-1685

A

Stuart King during the restoration, following Cromwells interregnum

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4
Q

Colbert 1619- 1683

A

The financial minister under the French King Louis XIV who promoted mercantilist products

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5
Q

Constitutionalism

A

The theory that power should be shared between rulers and their subjects and the state governed according to laws

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6
Q

Oliver Cromwell 1559-1658

A

The principal leader and a gentry member if the puritans in parliament

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7
Q

Diggers and Levellers

A

Radical groups in England in the 1650’s who called for the abolition of private ownership and extension of the franchise

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8
Q

Divine right monarchy

A

The belief that a monarchs power derives from God and represents him on Earth

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9
Q

Frederick the Great 1740-1786

A

The Prussian ruler who expanded his territory by invading the duchy if Silesia and defeating !aria Theresa of Austria

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10
Q

Frederick William 1640-1688

A

The “great elector” who built a strong Prussian army and infused military values into a Prussian society

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11
Q

French classicism

A

The style in seventeenth-century art and literature resembling the arts In the ancient world and in the renaissance; works of Poussin, moliere, and Racine

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12
Q

Fronde

A

The last aristocratic revolt against a French monarch

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13
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

A reference to the political events 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of orange

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14
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

The legal protection that prohibits the imprisonment of a subject without demonstrated cause

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15
Q

Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679

A

Political theorist advocating absolute monarchy based on his concept of an anarchic state of nature

16
Q

Interregnum

A

The period of Cromwellian rule (1649-1659) between the Stuart dynastic rules of Charles I and Charles II

17
Q

James I (1603-1625)

A

Stuart monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted the divine rights of kings

18
Q

John Locke 1632-1704

A

Political theorist who defended the Glorious revolution with the argument that all people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

19
Q

Louis XIV 1643-1715

A

Also known as the “sun king” the ruler of France who established the supremacy of absolutism in seventeenth-century Europe

20
Q

Maria Theresa 1740-1780

A

Archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary, who lost the Hapsburg Possession of Silesia to Frederick the Great but was able to keep her other Austrian territories

21
Q

Mercantilism

A

Governmental policies by which the state regulates the economy, through taxes, tariffs, subsides, laws

22
Q

New model army

A

The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war

23
Q

Peace of Utrecht 1713

A

The pact concluding the war of the Spanish succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain, and conferring control of Gibraltar on England

24
Q

Peter the Great 1682-1725

A

The Romanov czar who initiated the westernization of Russian society by traveling to the west and incorporating techniques of manufacturing as well as manners and dress

25
Q

Petition of Right (1628)

A

Parliamentary document that restricted the King’s power. Most notably, it called for recognition of the writ of Habeas corpus and held that only parliament could impose new taxes

26
Q

Puritan Revolution

A

A reference to the English civil war 1642-1646, waged to determine whether sovereignty would reside in the monarch or in parliament

27
Q

Puritans

A

Protestant sect in England hoping to “purify” the Anglican Church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization

28
Q

Restoration

A

The return of the Stuart monarchy 1660 after the period of republican government under Cromwell-in fact, a military dictatorship

29
Q

Test Act 1673

A

Law prohibiting Catholics and dissenters to hold political office

30
Q

Versailles

A

Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility

31
Q

War of the Spanish Succession 1701-1713

A

The last of Louis XIV wars involving the issue of succession to the Spanish throne

32
Q

William of Orange

A

(1672-1702) Dutch prince and foe of Louis XIV who became king of England in 1689

AP European History (7 decks)

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