Absolutism

Question 0

Jean Bodin

Answer 0

Jean Bodin was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. He is best known for his theory of sovereignty; he was also an influential writer on demonology.

Question 1

Absolutism

Answer 1

Derived from the traditional assumption of power (heirs to the throne) and the belief in “divine right of the kings”

Question 2

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan

Answer 2

The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Pessimistic view of human beings in a state of nature.

Question 3

Bishop Jacques bossuet

Answer 3

Principle advocate of “divine right of the kings” in France during the reign of Louis XIV

Question 4

Estates

Answer 4

First Estate  
clergy; 1% of population
Second Estate  
nobility; 3-4% of population
Third Estate  
Bourgeoisie (middle class)

Question 5

Bourbon dynasty

Answer 5

European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma. Spain and Luxembourg currently have Bourbon monarchs.

Question 6

Nobility of the sword

Answer 6

refers to the class of traditional or old nobility in France during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern periods. This class was heir to a militaristic ideology of professional

Question 7

Nobility of the robe

Answer 7

new nobles who purchased their titles from the monarchy, became high officials in the government and remained loyal to the king

Question 8

Duke of sully

Answer 8

the doughty soldier, French minister, staunch Huguenot and faithful right-hand man who assisted king Henry IV of France in the rule of France. His reforms enhanced the power of the monarchy

Question 9

Mercantilism

Answer 9

increased role of the state in the economy in order to achieve a favorable balance of trade with other countries

Question 10

Louis XIII

Answer 10

a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1610 to 1643 and King of Navarre from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged to the French crown.

Question 11

Cardinal richelieu

Answer 11

a French clergyman, noble and statesman. He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 and was appointed Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1616. Laid foundation for absolutism in France

Question 12

Politique

Answer 12

religious conflicts holding national unity of greater importance than the absolute predominance of a single sect and advocating religious toleration as the policy of the government

Question 13

Indendant system

Answer 13

Replaced local affairs with civil servants (intendants) who reported directly to the king; used to weaken the nobility.

Question 14

Peace of alais

Answer 14

Huguenots lots their fortified cities and Protestant armies

Question 15

Cardinal Mazarin

Answer 15

controlled France while Louis XIV was a child. Some nobles revolted against Mazarin, Louis never forgot the humiliation he faced at the hands of the nobles early on and was determined to control the nobility.

Question 16

Corvee

Answer 16

forced labor that required peasants to work for a month out of the year on roads and other public projects

Question 17

Versailles Palace

Answer 17

under Louis XIV, the Palace at Versailles became the grandest and most impressive palace in all of Europe. Louis gained absolute control over the nobility

Question 18

Edict of fountainbleu

Answer 18

revoked Edict of Nantes

Question 19

Jasenists

Answer 19

Catholics who held some Calvinist ideas

Question 20

Mercantilism

Answer 20

State control over a country’s economy in order to achieve a favorable balance of trade

Question 21

Bullionism

Answer 21

a nation’s policy of accumulating as much precious metal (gold and silver) as possible while preventing its outward flow to other countries

Question 22

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Answer 22

a French politician who served as the Minister of Finances of France from 1665 to 1683 under the rule of King Louis XIV. His relentless hard work and thrift made him an esteemed minister. Hs goal was economic self-sufficiency for France. Biggest accomplishment = developing the merchant marine.

Question 23

Balance of power

Answer 23

no one country would be allowed to dominate the continent since a coalition of other countries would rally against a threatening power.

Question 24

War of the league of Augsburg

Answer 24

1688-1697; William III becomes ruler over England and joins forces with Leopold against Louis; Louis has to seek peace. Demonstrated emergence of balance of power

Question 25

War of Spanish succession

Answer 25

war over the successor of Charles II “the sufferer”; Charles had selected Philip V Bourbon, his grand-nephew and Louis XIV’s grandson to succeed him, going against a previous agreement that he would be succeeded by an Austrian; an alliance of European powers with troops led by Eugene, Prince of Savoy, and John Churchill fought against French and Spanish troops; the war ended with the Peace of Utrecht

Question 26

Phillip II

Answer 26

Son of Charles V and a devout Catholic, he was the Hapsburg ruler of Spain from 1556-98. He led the Spanish Counter-Reformation but failed to invade Protestant England with his Spanish Armada.

Question 27

Escorial

Answer 27

A Spanish monastery and palace built by Philip II.

Question 28

Price revolution

Answer 28

when Spain experienced a steady population increase in demand for foods and goods. Spanish colonies also had a demand for foods and goods. The rising prices caused the Spanish to not be able to compete with cheaper products. Prices spiraled up faster than the government could levy taxes to dampen the economy because higher taxes would have cut the public’s buying power causing the sale of less goods and a consequent fall in prices.

Question 29

Spanish Armada

Answer 29

The extensive fleet of warships produced by Spain in 1558 which consisted of 130 ships and was the most prodigious assemblage of naval power that the world had ever seen.

Question 30

Treaty of Pyrenees 1659

Answer 30

signed to end the 1635 to 1659 war between France and Spain, a war that was initially a part of the wider Thirty Years’ War.

Question 31

Bernini

Answer 31

created many master pieces including a sculpture of St. Teresa of Avila and the construction of the great tabernacle below St. Peter’s Basilica’s dome and directly over the space St. Peter is buried.

Question 32

Schonbrunn

Answer 32

an enormous Viennese Versailles begun by Emperor Leopold to celebrate Austrian military victories and Hapsburg might.

Question 33

Winter palace

Answer 33

built by Peter the Great in St. Petersburg Russia, influenced by Versailles
Caravaggio

Question 34

Caravaggio

Answer 34

• Italian painter noted for his realistic depiction of religious subjects and his novel use of light (1573-1610)

Question 35

Peter Paul Rubens

Answer 35

Flemish painter who worked for the Hapsburg court in Brussels, known for sensual nudes

Question 36

Diego Velasquez

Answer 36

Perhaps the greatest court painter of the era, numerous portraits of the Spanish court and their surroundings

Question 37

Artemisia gentileschi

Answer 37

Famous for vivid depictions of dramatic scenes and her “Judith” paintings

Question 38

Dutch style

Answer 38

reflected the Dutch Republic’s wealth and religious toleration of secular subjects. Reflected the urban and rural settings of Dutch life during the golden age of The Netherlands.

Question 39

Rembrandt van rijn

Answer 39

Considered one of the greatest Dutch Baroque artists, his financial success was offset by tragic deaths of two wives and all four of his sons.

Question 40

Jan Vermeer

Answer 40

An artist fascinated with the effects of light and dark. He chose domestic, indoor settings for his portraits. He often painted women doing such familiar activities such as pouring milk from a jug or reading a letter. His work reveals how important merchants, civil leaders, and the middle class in general were in the 17th century Netherlands.

Question 41

French classicism

Answer 41

Art and literature in the Age of Louis XIV - imitated classical antiquity and Renaissance art

Question 42

Nicholas poussin

Answer 42

French classical painter who painted the Rape of the Sabine Women, known as the greatest French painter of the 17th century

Question 43

Jean Baptiste Racine

Answer 43

A French dramatist, one of the “Big Three” of 17th-century France and one of the most important literary figures in the Western tradition

Question 44

Moliere

Answer 44

French author of sophisticated comedies

Question 45

J.s Bach

Answer 45

greatest of the baroque composers, wrote dense and polyphonic structures, wrote variety of genres