Constitutional monarchy

Question 1

Assemblies

Answer 1

National Assembly 20 June - July 1789. National Constituent Assembly July 1789 - September 1791. Legislative Assembly October 1791 - 20 September 1792.

Question 2

Church property

Answer 2

All was nationalised - 2 November 1789.

Question 3

Full citizenship

Answer 3

Protestants - December 1789. Some Jews in January 1790, though most had to wait until September 1791.

Question 4

Biens Nationaux

Answer 4

Property/wealth confiscated from emigres/refractory priests/counter-revolutionaries/church. Selling off monastic wealth and property started February 1790 and selling off church land started June 1790.

Question 5

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Answer 5

12 July 1790 - Number of bishoprics fell from 135 to 83. Clergymen were paid state officials. Bishops and priests were elected. Oath made on 27 November 1790. Louis XVI accepts civil constitution in December 1790.

Question 6

Refractory priests

Answer 6

7/160 bishops swore allegiance. 55% parish priests swore allegiance.

Question 7

Papal response

Answer 7

Initially ignored religious changes, however issued a papal bull ‘Charitas’ in April 1791. Assembly annexes Avignon after plebiscite.

Question 8

Political make-up

Answer 8

Unicameral. Elections every 2 years. December 1789 - Active and passive citizens.

Question 9

King’s powers

Answer 9

Selecting ministers to form cabinet. Suspensory veto of 4 years. October 1789 - Title changed to ‘King of the French’. Salary of 25 million livres.

Question 10

Administrative reform

Answer 10

November 1789 - 83 departements replaced provinces.

Question 11

Judicial reform

Answer 11

Dual 12-citizen jury system. One jury investigated whether a prosecution should take place. Other placed judgement.

Question 12

Changes in legal rights

Answer 12

No punishment without trial. Torture, branding and hanging abolished (by 1792, only method of execution was guillotine).

Question 13

Fiscal policies

Answer 13

December 1789 - Started issuing assignats which were loans to government paid back by exchanging bonds for biens nationaux. March 1790 - Gabelle abolished. 1791 - Aides and tobacco monopoly abolished.

Question 14

New taxes

Answer 14

1791 - Contribution fonciere, contribution personelle et mobiliere, patente.

Question 15

Deregulation

Answer 15

Internal tariffs abolished. August 1789 - Trade in grain deregulated.

Question 16

Social laws

Answer 16

Le Chapelier law June 1791 - Workers cannot strike or join unions. Livret - Workers could not negotiate leave from employment.

Question 17

Flight to Varennes

Answer 17

Louis XVI and his family were rejected Easter mass at Saint-Cloud April 18 1791. Attempted flight on night of 20/21 June 1791 but failed.

Question 18

Champ de Mars

Answer 18

National Constituent Assembly had declared Louis only temporarily suspended on 16 July 1791. Cordeliers and other radicals demonstrated for a republic on 17 July 1791 and around 50 were killed by National Guards.

Question 19

Declaration of Pillnitz

Answer 19

August 27 1791 - 60% of all pre-revolutionary army officers were involved in Austrian and Prussian armies.

Question 20

Assembly decrees

Answer 20

9 November 1791 - Emigres (vetoed). 29 November 1791 - Refractory priests (vetoed). 27 May 1792 - Deportation of refractory priests (vetoed). 8 June 1792 - Federe set up.

Question 21

Brunswick Manifesto

Answer 21

July 25 1792 - Declared. August 1 1792 - Reaches Paris.