Constitutional Amendments Flashcards

1
Q

Five rights mentioned in the first amendment

A

speech, press, religion, assembly, petition

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2
Q

Freedom of religion clauses (2)

A
  • establishment clause (Congress cannot establish a national religion)
  • free exercise clause (Congress cannot prohibit the exercise of religions)
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3
Q

Freedom of religion SCOTUS cases (2)

A
  • Engel v. Vitale- forcing students to pray violates first amendment
  • Wisconsin v. Yoder- requiring Amish students to attend school after 8th grade violated the free exercise clause
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4
Q

Freedom of speech SCOTUS cases (2)

A
  • Tinker v. Des Moines- students wore armbands to protest the Vietnam war, upheld as constitutional
  • Schenck v. US- speech can be limited if it provokes a clear and present danger
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5
Q

Freedom of press SCOTUS case

A

Nixon v. NYT- Nixon wanted to stop NYT from publishing embarrassing expose about Viet war, SCOTUS held that NYT can publish because of the first amendment

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6
Q

2nd amendment

A

right to bear arms

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7
Q

2nd amendment SCOTUS case

A

McDonald v. Chicago- SC ruled ban of handguns in Chicago unconstitutional; selective incorporation

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8
Q

3rd amendment

A

No quartering of troops

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9
Q

What 5 amendments explain the rights of the accused?

A

4-8

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10
Q

4th amendment

A

Warrant + probable cause needed for police to search/obtain you

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11
Q

5th amendment

A
  • no double jeopardy
  • no self-incrimination
  • due process clause
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12
Q

How does the 14th amendment extend the 5th amendment?

A

14th amendment extends “no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law” from the 5th amendment to the state/local governments

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13
Q

Due process

A

government must act fairly and in accord with established rules at all times

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14
Q

6th amendment

A
  • speedy, public trial
  • impartial jury
  • counsel must be provided
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15
Q

6th amendment SCOTUS case

A

Gideon v. Wainwright- Gideon went to jail, Florida denied him a lawyer. Court ruled that Gideon is entitled a lawyer

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16
Q

7th amendment

A

right to a trial by jury in a civil case (get sued)

17
Q

8th amendment

A
  • no excessive bail
  • no cruel and unusual punishment
18
Q

10th amendment

A

states rights

19
Q

13th amendment

A

ended slavery

20
Q

14th amendment

A
  • equal protection clause
  • states must respect rights that are federally guaranteed
  • citizenship to slaves
21
Q

14th amendment SCOTUS case

A

Brown v. Board of Ed.- segregation violates equal protection clause, overturned Plessy v. Ferguson.
Led to similar cases + Civil Rights Act

22
Q

15th amendment

A

the right to vote shall not be abridged because of race

23
Q

16th amendment

A

allows for graduated income tax (rich pay higher % than poor)

24
Q

17th amendment

A
  • put more power into the peoples’ hands
  • direct election of US senators (before, state legislators would choose)
25
18th amendment
prohibition of alcohol
26
19th amendment
extended the right to vote to women
27
21st amendment
You can't drink alcohol under 21
28
22nd amendment
A president is limited to 2 terms (10 years)
29
24th amendment
outlawed poll taxes, extended voting rights
30
25th amendment
- presidential selection if a president dies/is incapable - allows cabinet to remove pres if incapable
31
26th amendment
lowered voting age to 18 because of the Viet war