Conservatives and the fall of Cromwell

Question 1

John Lambert

Answer 1

• Trial in 1538
• Crom had removed conservatives on treason and papist charges but Reformers grew too powerful
• Lambert denied real presence (White Horse member) and Gardiner led while H attended
• Nov 1538 burnt and proclamation issued that day reiterating unlawfulness of clerical marriage (Cran sent wife away)

Question 2

Cromwell Downfall

Answer 2

• Cleves marriage wasn’t final straw but did limit manoeuvrability
• Norfolk used Howard to tempt H and his popularity as a friend and commander helped
• Crom made Earl of Essex and Lord Chamberlain April 1540 (shows support)
• Conservatives said Crom wasn’t enforcing Six Articles in Calais and Barnes (friend of Crom) was arrested for preaching for faith alone
• Executed July 1540

Question 3

Middle Way

Answer 3

• Executed July 1540 (Barnes, Jerome and Garret 2 days after)
• 190 lay and 16 priests arrested in London following Crom execution for not following Six Articles (all charges dropped)
• Askew tortured by Wriothesley to name Cranmer and Parr (burnt July 1546)
• 1545 Cranmer, Heath and Day persuaded H to ban covering images during lent but when Gardiner returned from abroad H reversed his decision (victim of faction)
• H destroys St Hugh shrine shortly after execution
• July 1541 H condemned boy bishops and superstition (restored some Holy Days)
• 3 Catholic conservatives (Catherine supporters) executed same day
• Radicals Cox (1540) and Cheke (1544) appointed as tutor (possible H only saw them as strong reformers)

Question 4

Faction (marriage)

Answer 4

• Cleves marriage annulled and Howard (Aug 1540) but Cran told H about Culpepper adultery
• Howard executed Feb 1542 (Norfolk dispelled from court briefly)
• H allowed factions to wrestle
• Gardiner, Norfolk and Wriothesley were matched by Paget, Denny, Edward Seymour and Cranmer (Conservative Council but Reformer Privy Chamber)

Question 5

Catherine Parr

Answer 5

• Grown up Catholic but progressively more reformist with age
• She debated with H over Erasmus and shortly published a book on faith alone after H’s death
• Conservative attempts to move against her failed (owned banned books)

Question 6

Moves against Cranmer

Answer 6

• Crom death made Cran weak (Norfolk wanted his removal)
• Scory and Ridley as Canterbury preachers was only power Cran had
• 1543 accusations led H calling him the “greatest heretic in Kent”
• H allowed Cran to lead investigation into himself and gave ring