Changes in Doctrine and Practise

Question 1

The Ten Articles

Answer 1

• 1536
• Cranmer need official doctrine
• Orthodox but moved away from old Catholic doctrine and allowed some interpretation
• Good works was confirmed
• Transubstantiation unambiguous
• Vague reference to Faith Alone
• 3/7 Sacraments discussed (others remain same
• Appears rushed and avoids risky topics
• Summer 1536 sermons banned (these to be read instead)

Question 2

Cromwell’s Injunctions of 1536

Answer 2

• Ensured conformity and binds clergy to Ten Articles
• Emphasis on education (clergy to teach Ten Commandments and Creed in English)
• Encouraged children into work (avoid vagrancy) and spend on family not pilgrimages
• These reflect a social order issue (possible chaos)
• Vernacular Bibles for all Churches
• Clergy banned from promoting images, relics or miracles for money
• Holy Days cut to a fraction

Question 3

The Bishop’s Book

Answer 3

• 1537
• Debate between Conservatives and Reformers over sacraments needed to be resolved
• 4/7 sacraments deemed inferior
• H too busy (no royal assent) and blocked it going through Parliament (published privately with 3-year licence)
• H may have refused to block to keep reformers onside but not approve as too radical
• H sent 250 changes to Cranmer once read (focused on importance of Good Works and Saints)

Question 4

Cromwell’s Injunctions of 1538 (compliance/ disobedience?)

Answer 4

• Specific and plain language
• Pilgrimage images to be removed and sermons against images, relics and candles
• Reluctant conformity shown
• Boxley Rood (Kent) 1538, Mary images (Ipswich and Walsingham) burnt (tomb of Becket destroyed)
• 1536 and 1538 reports of disobedience (Suffolk parson refuses to preach against Pope and warned his congregation against Ten Articles)

Question 5

Coverdale’s Great Bible

Answer 5

• 1537-39
• Crom pushe vernacular hard (H didn’t agree)
• H was against Tyndale’s translation
• Crom persuaded H to allow sale of Roger’s Mathew Bible (spring 1539 available)
• Front piece of monarch giving God’s word (Crom+Cram flank)
• H quickly withdraws availability and 1541 fines (fears of tavern talk)

Question 6

Act of the Six Articles

Answer 6

• 1539
• H wanted confusion settled (council of 8 with even split of reformers)
• H allowed conservatives to win and led to unambiguously Catholic statute
• Clerical celibacy
• Masses for dead
• Confession
• Denying any meant death and Cranmer’s attempts to salvage failed (Shaxton and Latimer resign)
• Gardiner invited onto Privy Council

Question 7

The King’s Book

Answer 7

• May 1543
• Cranmer and other bishops wrote with H additions
• 7 sacraments, Masses for dead, real presence and confession emphasised
• Faith alone rejected
• Superstition rejected
• Penance condemned
• State of dead souls “uncertain” (purgatory denounced)

Question 8

The Act for the Advancement of True Religion

Answer 8

• 1543
• May 1541 proclamation against laymen interpretations of Bible
• This act enforced the King’s Book
• Condemned tavern talk and restricted Bible reading to top 10%
• Appears pragmatic to resolve social order

Question 9

The English Litany

Answer 9

• 1544
• English services (attempt to simplify services and engage laity)
• Recent poor attendance
• Service was taken down from 2hrs to 30mins (no saints named in service)
• Cranmer worked with Bonner on new book of Homilies to keep conservative support

Question 10

Chantries Act

Answer 10

• Parliament stated Chantries were misallocation of lands and finance
• Henceforth all Chantry land and possessions became the Crowns (leading to Crown taking 19 chantries)
• There had already been 28 dissolved up until this point and 1545 saw 27 more
• No criticism for praying for dead souls (openly financial to help with war)

Question 11

The King’s Prymer

Answer 11

• 1534 Protestant one by Marshall, official one by bishop of Rochester in 1539 (conservative)
• May 1545 King’s Prymer intended to replace all
• Conservative, but cut Saint Days from 27 to 4
• No prayers for Saints