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Pschology after midterm 1 > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of consciousness?

A

Awareness of one’s surroundings and what’s in one’s mind at a given time

  • filtered to direct focus on relevant stimuli
  • guided by past experiences and current desires
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2
Q

What is wakefulness?

A

Degree of alertness

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3
Q

What is awareness?

A

Monitoring of information

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4
Q

What are the kinds of minimal consciousness?

A

Coma - Glasgow coma scale used to be used
Vegetative state - eyes open, otherwise unresponsive
some level of awareness but not
necessarily wakefulness
Locked-in syndrome- tested with fMRI to show where function happens

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5
Q

Types of full consciousness?

A

Bored: awake but understimulated from enviro
Drowsy: feel the need to sleep
flow: very alert and present, may lose the sense of time
mindfulness: heightened awareness of present moment
(environment or own mind)

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6
Q

Definition of attention

A

The limited capacity to process info under conscious control

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7
Q

What is selective attention?

A

The ability to focus awareness on specific features in environment while ignoring others

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8
Q

Name of experiments used to back up selective attention?

A

Dichotic listening task - headphones
Cocktail party effect
Inattentional blindness- gorilla video
perceptual overload - the primary task is very demanding consumes all attention

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9
Q

What is sustained attention?

A

The ability to maintain focused awareness

ex of job: air traffic controller

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10
Q

What is vigilance?

A

a state of maximum physiological and psychological readiness to react - super ready to receive and process info

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11
Q

What are the vigilance decrement theories?

A

Studied in officers during the war

boredom theory
resource theory of attention

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12
Q

How does Ritalin effect people?

A

ADHD- helps by increases part of brain that helps with regulating attention
Reg ppl- mostly placebo

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13
Q

can you train consciousness?

A

yes with meditation
evidence this physically changes in the brain- certain areas of awareness in the brain can become thicker after practicing meditation over time

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14
Q

What is a Circadian rhythm?

A
  • The variation in physiological processes that cycle within about a 24h period including the sleep-wake cycle
  • body cools down going to sleep
  • melotonin increases as we go to sleep
  • each have our own
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15
Q

What are free-running rhythms?

A
  • after a while of using circadian rhythms in a time cue free environment we develop these
  • ex of hamsters
  • cycles generated without time cues
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16
Q

What are ultradian rhythyms?

A
  • The sleep cycle
  • Repeats in less than 24 h
  • about 90 minutes
  • 4 stages and REM sleep
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17
Q

Brain waves when you’re awake?

A

Beta waves

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18
Q

Waves when drowsy?

A

alpha waves

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19
Q

Stage 1 waves ?

A

Theta waves

20
Q

Stage 2 waves ?

A

Theta waves with sleep spindles and k complexes

21
Q

Stage 3 waves?

A

theta waves and some delta waves

22
Q

Stage 4 waves?

A

delta waves

23
Q

REM sleep waves?

A

alpha and beta like activity

24
Q

When does sleepwalking occur?

A

Non REM sleep because we are not paralyzed then

25
Q

What is continuity hypothesis?

A

Dreams are made of your brain thinking about what happened during the day

26
Q

What is the phychoanalytic theory by sigmund freud ?

A
  • Dreams express our surpressed desires
  • Two levels
  • manifest level- what we remember
  • latent level- what we don’t remember, where the true meaning of the dream lies
27
Q

What si the memory consilation theory?

A

Dreams allow us to consolidate, organize, analyze info from during the day

28
Q

What are the theories for the function of sleep?

A
  • restoration theory

- memory consolidation theory

29
Q

What is the restoration theory?

A

The body needs to be repaired after it wears out during the day

  • oxygen metabolosim produces harmful radicles enzymes during sleep take care of
  • sleep deprivation - breakdown of tissue
  • marathon runners
30
Q

What is the memory consolidation theory for the function of sleep?

A

We go through and process information that we find during the day

  • brain reheares new tasks while we sleep
  • same brain activity as when we rehearse activity during day as when we sleep
31
Q

What happens if you have chronic sleep restriction?

A

Cognitive impairments
dont function well
lack of sleep builds up

32
Q

Why are cell phones bad for sleep?

A
  • in back of mind
  • notifications
  • bright screen
33
Q

What is hypnosis?

A 
A state of mind that occurs in compliance with instructions
characterized by 
- lack f voluntary control
- focused attention
- suggestibility
- suspension of critical falculties
34
Q

What is hypnotherapy used by freud?

A

Clinical tool for any kind of pain (childbirth, anxiety, chronic pain ect)
- can give better truthful responses to questions as it acesss unconcsiousness mind

35
Q

How does hypnotherapy work?

A

Hidden observer effect
- dissosciated state of consicoueness, able to observe
themselves and their pain without any negative
feelings about themselves
Role playing- in study

36
Q

Amir raz study of the stroop effect?

A

Tests visual selective attention
words say one colour while they are coloured in a different colour
- regular people had a delayed reaction time
- hypnotized people had faster time after the suggestion that they see the word meaning as gibberish was made

37
Q

Pain rating study?

A

Real pain #1
hypnotized pain #2
imagined pain #3
backed with brain imaging

38
Q

Sleep disorders : insomnia ?

A

taking more than 20 minutes to fall asleep
trouble staying asleep
not feeling well rested

39
Q

Sleep disorders : sleep apnea?

A

temporary blockage of air passage

can lead to sleep deprivation as not enough deep sleep happens

40
Q

Sleep disorders: sleepwalking ?

A
  • happens during non- REM sleep

- not acting out dreams as dreams occur during REM sleep

41
Q

narcolespy?

A 
falling asleep randomly
dogs 
no warning 
excessive daytime sleepiness
appears to have genetic bases
42
Q

hypersomnia

A
  • sleeping more than 10 h a night for 2 or more consecutive weeks
  • involves strong napping urges
  • can be caused by other sleep disorders
43
Q

What is the function of the Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the thalamus?

A

This regulates the physiological activity on daily cycles
- light cue- info to brain - hypothalamus - SCN signals pineal gland to decrease amount of melatonin produced- sun goes away- melatonin picks up

44
Q

What neurotransmitter is produced in the basal forebrain contain?

A
  • neurons produce acetylcholine

- produces the rapid pattern of EEG activation observed in waking and REM sleep

45
Q

What is the preoptic area

A

contains neurons that produce GAVA

46
Q

What is the posterior hypothalamus

A

Where neurons produce orexin ( arousal, wakefulness and appetite )

Pschology after midterm 1 (14 decks)

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