Consciousness

Question 1

Awareness of everything that is going on around an individual at any given time

Answer 1

Consciousness

Question 2

He compared consciousness to a water moving in a stream.

Answer 2

William James

Question 3

He described consciousness as not a single stream but multiple channels operating in parallel.

Answer 3

Daniel Dennet

Question 4

Your awareness of external stimuli and internal events at any given moment, which helps you organize your behavior and construct your reality.

Answer 4

Consciousness

Question 5

Thoughts, emotions and perceptions are clear and organized.

Answer 5

Waking Consciousness

Question 6

Shift in mental activity, leading to disorganized thoughts, changes in alertness, or divided awareness

Answer 6

Altered States of Consciousness

Question 7

Altered state of consciousness ; lower muscle activity, limited sensory activity, and fewer interactions with the environment

Answer 7

Sleep

Question 8

This is a circadian rhythm, controlled by the brain, specifically by an area within the hypothalamus

Answer 8

SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE

Question 9

A cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period

Answer 9

Circadian Rhythm

Question 10

This is a tiny section of the brain that influences the glandular system

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

It influences the release of melatonin ; receives direct input from some retinal ganglion cells responding to light ; internal clock

Answer 11

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 12

Brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds

Answer 12

Microsleeps

Question 13

This theory proposes that sleep is a product evolution.

Answer 13

Adaptive theory

Question 14

This theory proposes that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body. Also for memory retention.

Answer 14

Restorative Theory

Question 15

Loss of sleep ; a serious problem without many people realizing

Answer 15

Sleep Deprivation

Question 16

Two Kinds of Sleep

Answer 16

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM)

Question 17

High active sleep stage ; dreaming occurs here and voluntary muscles are inhibited ; associated with memory processing and emotional regulation

Answer 17

REM Sleep

Question 18

Lighter to deeper sleep stages ; More restorative than REM sleep, focusing on physical recovery

Answer 18

NRem Sleep

Question 19

Patterns of electrical activity occurring in the brain ; can be seen using EEG

Answer 19

Brain Waves

Question 20

Small, fast waves associated with mental activity

Answer 20

Beta Waves

Question 21

Indicate relaxation or light sleep

Answer 21

Alpha Waves

Question 22

Occur in early sleep stages

Answer 22

Theta Waves

Question 23

Large, slow, waves found in deep sleep

Answer 23

Delta Waves

Question 24

Transition from wakefulness to sleep

Answer 24

N1: Light Sleep

Question 25

Forms the majority of total sleep duration, body temp drops, heart rate slows

Answer 25

N2: Sleep Spindles

Question 26

Deepest stage of sleep; essential for immune system functioning and recovery ; growth hormones are released

Answer 26

N3: Delta Waves Roll In

Question 27

Follows NREM sleep cycles, typically occurring every 90 minutes ; essential for mental health and cognitive function

Answer 27

REM Sleep

Question 28

Functions of REM Sleep

Answer 28

Dreaming and Memory Processing, REM Rebound, Developmental Differences

Question 29

This is the failure of muscle paralysis during REM sleep ; can be an early sign of neurodegenerative disorder

Answer 29

REM Behavior Disorder

Question 30

Bad dreams during REM sleep

Answer 30

Nightmares

Question 31

Bad dreams that occurs in deep sleep

Answer 31

Night Terrors

Question 32

Also called as sonambulism ; more common in children, hereditary component ; occurs in deep sleep

Answer 32

Sleepwalking

Question 33

Inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

Answer 33

Insomnia

Question 34

Breathing stops for 10 seconds or more during sleep ; snoring followed by gasping sounds

Answer 34

Sleep Apnea

Question 35

Sleep seizure where a person suddenly enters REM sleep during the day ; accompanied by excessive daytime sleepiness and possible cataplexy

Answer 35

Narcolepsy

Question 36

Urinating while asleep in bed

Answer 36

Enuresis

Question 37

Disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle such as jet lag and shift work

Answer 37

Circadian rhythm disorders

Question 38

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Answer 38

Hypersomnia

Question 39

Painful cramps in calf or foot muscles

Answer 39

Noctural Leg Cramps

Question 40

Uncomfortable sensations in legs causing movement and loss of sleep

Answer 40

Restless Leg syndrome

Question 41

What are the levels of consciousness?

Answer 41

Conscious, Subconscious, Unconscious

Question 42

A state of consciousness in which a person is highly susceptible to suggestion

Answer 42

Hypnosis

Question 43

This theory states that hypnosis worked only on the immediate conscious mind of a person, while a hidden part of the mind is aware of the activities.

Answer 43

Hypnosis as Dissociation: The Hidden Observer (Hilgard)

Question 44

This theory assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected of them in a situation.

Answer 44

Hypnosis as Social Role-playing

Question 45

A chemical that changes our states of consciousness, particularly our perceptions and moods ; influences neurotransmitters

Answer 45

Psychoactive Drugs

Question 46

This is when the body becomes unable to function normally without the drug

Answer 46

Physical dependence

Question 47

Reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use

Answer 47

Drug Tolerance

Question 48

Physical symptoms that occur upon an abrupt discontinuation in the intake of drugs

Answer 48

Withdrawal

Question 49

When a drug is needed for a person's psychological well-being

Answer 49

Psychological

Question 50

What are the categories of psychoactive drugs?

Answer 50

Stimulants, Depressants, Hallucinogens

Question 51

Stops the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine in the synapses of the CNS

Answer 51

Stimulants

Question 52

Stimulants synthesized in laboratories

Answer 52

Amphetamines

Question 53

Natural drug found in coca plant leaves ; produces feeling of euphoria, energy and pleasures

Answer 53

Cocaine

Question 54

Active ingredient in tobacco

Answer 54

Nicotine

Question 55

Natural stimulant found in coffee and tea

Answer 55

Caffeine

Question 56

Alter consciousness by increasing the production of the Gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter and decreasing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Answer 56

Depressants

Question 57

TYPES OF DEPRESSANTS

Answer 57

Tranquilizers, Alcohol, Opiate

Question 58

Drugs that are sleep inducing

Answer 58

Barbiturates (Major Tranquilizers)

Question 59

Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress

Answer 59

Benzodiazepines (Minor tranquilizers)

Question 60

Most commonly used and abused depressant

Answer 60

Alcohol

Question 61

Has a chemical makeup similar to endorphins ; suppresses the sensation of pain

Answer 61

Opiates

Question 62

Drugs that alter the brains interpretation of sensations and perception of reality

Answer 62

Hallucinogens

Question 63

TYPES OF HALLUCINOGENS

Answer 63

Manufactured Highs and Non-manufactured Highs

Question 64

Powerful synthetic hallucinogen from a grain fungus called ergot

Answer 64

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

Question 65

Designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

Answer 65

Ecstasy

Question 66

Dangerous synthesized drug used as animal tranquilizers

Answer 66

PCP

Question 67

Most commonly abused hallucinogenic drug that is derived from Cannabis sativa

Answer 67

Marijuana