Consciousness

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

The moment-to-moment subjective experience of the world, bodies, and mental sensations

Question 2

Interdisciplinary

Answer 2

Physics, philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, computer science, etc.

Question 3

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 3

• Human’s are “information processors”. The mind is the computer’s software and the brain is the computer’s hardware.
• THE CAVEAT: An oversimplification. Not all cognitive psychologists agree with this interpretation

Question 4

Controlled (Effortful) Processing

Answer 4

Mental processing that requires some degree of volitional control and attentiveness

Question 5

Automatic Processing

Answer 5

Mental activities that occur automatically and require no (or) minimal consciousness control or awareness

Question 6

Divided Attention

Answer 6

• The ability to perform more than one activity at the same time
• It is difficult if tasks require similar cognitive resources – Listening to music and studying for an exam

Question 7

The Problem of Other Minds

Answer 7

• The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.
• There is no way to distinguish a conscious and unconscious mind

Question 8

The Mind-Body Problem

Answer 8

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body

Question 9

Intentionality

Answer 9

The quality of being directed towards an object. This means that consciousness is always about something.

Question 10

Unity

Answer 10

The resistance to division or the ability to integrate information from all your body’s senses into a coherent whole.

Question 11

Selectivity

Answer 11

The capacity to include some objects but not others. Your mind makes decisions about which pieces of information to include and which it wants to exclude. This is done through dichotic listening

Question 12

Dichotic Listening

Answer 12

task in which people wearing headphones hear different sounds or messages in each ear. Participants don’t realize that they are listening to two different sounds – filtering out information while tuning into other information. This is done through the cocktail-party phenomenon

Question 13

Cocktail-Party Phenomenon

Answer 13

A phenomenon in which people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby

Question 14

Transcience

Answer 14

The tendency to change.

Question 15

Minimal Consciousness

Answer 15

A low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behaviour.

Question 16

Full Consciousness

Answer 16

When you know and are able to report on your mental state. You are aware of having this mental state while you are experiencing the mental state itself.

Question 17

Self-Consciousness

Answer 17

When the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object. It focuses on the self excluding almost everything else.

Question 18

Coma

Answer 18

Appear to be deeply asleep. They cannot open their eyes, communicate, or respond to anything. They are completely unaware

Question 19

Vegetative State

Answer 19

Alternate between having their eyes open and closed. There are times where they appear to be awake and may move, grunt, smile, cry, moan etc. But there is nothing that suggests they are aware.

Question 20

Minimally Conscious State

Answer 20

People respond reliably but inconsistently to stimulation.

Question 21

Mental Control

Answer 21

he attempt to change conscious states of mind. Ex. Someone who worries a lot about the future might choose not to worry about it, because it causes anxiety

Question 22

Thought Suppression

Answer 22

The conscious avoidance of a thought

Question 23

Rebound Effect of Thought Processing

Answer 23

The tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

Question 24

Dynamic Unconsciousness

Answer 24

Encompasses a lifetime of hidden memories, instincts and desires and the struggle to control these forces

Question 25

Repression

Answer 25

Keeps conscious thoughts in the unconscious

Question 26

Cognitive Consciousness

Answer 26

Mental processes that bring forth thoughts, emotions, choices and behaviour

Question 27

Dual-Process Theories

Answer 27

The theory that we have two separate processing systems. One is fast, automatic and unconscious while the other is slow, effortful and conscious

Question 28

Electrooculogram (EOG)

Answer 28

An instrument that measures eye movements during sleep

Question 29

Glymphatic System

Answer 29

Removes neurotoxic waste products and distributes the necessary compounds through the brain such as glucose, lipids and amino acids

Question 30

Manifest Content

Answer 30

A dream's apparent topic or superficial meaning. The raw facts/details

Question 31

Latent Content

Answer 31

A dreams true and underlying meaning

Question 32

Activation-Synthesis Model

Answer 32

The theory that dreams are produced as the brain makes sense of random neural activity occurring while falling asleep

Question 33

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 33

Chemicals that influence consciousness or behaviour by altering the brain’s chemical messaging system

Question 34

Drug Tolerance

Answer 34

The tendency for larger drug doses to consumed overtime to achieve the same effect

Question 35

Physical Dependance

Answer 35

refers to the unpleasant symptoms that come with withdrawal of a drug

Question 36

Psychological Dependance

Answer 36

The desire to return to a drug regardless of the physical withdrawal symptoms

Question 37

Depressants

Answer 37

Reduce the activity of the NS and have a sedative/relaxing feeling

Question 38

Expectancy Theory

Answer 38

Idea that the effects of alcohol are produced by expectations of how alcohol will affect them in certain situations

Question 39

Balanced Placebo Design

Answer 39

Behaviour is observed following the presence/absence of a placebo stimulus

Question 40

Alcohol Myopia

Answer 40

Results when alcohol hampers attention leading to people responding in a simple way to a complex situation

Question 41

Barbiturates and Tranquilizers

Answer 41

Addictive drugs such as sleeping pills, sedatives and antianxiety drug

Question 42

Stimulants

Answer 42

Drugs that increase NS behaviour and heighten arousal/activity levels

Question 43

Amphetamines

Answer 43

Reduces sleep, fatigue, appetite, depression as a result of increased dopamine and norepinephrine levels

Question 44

MDMA (Ectasy)

Answer 44

Individuals will feel empathetic and close to those around them

Question 45

Cocaine

Answer 45

Blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine

Question 46

Narcotics

Answer 46

Highly addictive drugs used to relieve pain causing a well being and relaxed feeling

Question 47

Hallucinogens

Answer 47

A social interaction in which an individual makes suggestions leading to another persons subjective view on the world

Question 48

Posthypnotic Amnesia

Answer 48

The failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget

Question 49

Hypnotic Analgesia

Answer 49

The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis