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consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

what does consciousness include?

A

everything we are aware of at any given time (thoughts, feelings, events, etc.)

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2
Q

what are some altered states of consicoussness?

A

sleep (fundamental), meditation, hypnosis, or a drug induced state)

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3
Q

what is a circadian rhythm?

A

high and low fluctuations that occur throughout the body during a 24 hour time period (controlled by the brain)

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4
Q

what does SCN stand for?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

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5
Q

where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located?

A

a tiny structure in the brain located in the hypothalamus

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6
Q

what does the suprachiasmatic nucleus do?

A
  • responds to the amount of light reaching the eye
  • signals the pineal gland which secretes melatonin from dusk until shortly before dawn
  • it melatonin induces sleep
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7
Q

what are the 2 factors that vary according to circadian patterns?

A
  • alertness
  • body temperature (when our temp. is at its lowest point)
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8
Q

how long does a sleep cycle. last

A

about 90 minutes

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9
Q

describe each sleep state

A

stage 1: light sleep (few minutes)

stage 2: 50% of sleep occurs (deeper than 1)

stage 3: beginning of deep sleep (brain activity slows)

stage 4: deepest sleep (40 minutes)

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10
Q

other important aspects of the sleep stages?

A
  • after stage 4 … delta waves disappear
  • you ascent back through stage 3 and 2

-enter REM periods

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11
Q

what does REM sleep stand for?

A

“Rapid Eye Movement” sleep

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12
Q

how long does the first REM sleep last?

A

10 to 15 minutes

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13
Q

facts about REM sleep?

A
  • takes up 20 - 25 minutes of adult sleep
  • intense brain activity
  • most dreams occur during REM
  • blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration all increase
  • large body muscles become paralyzed
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14
Q

what is NREM sleep?

A

sleep where there is NO rapid eye movement

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15
Q

what happens during NREM?

A
  • heart rate and respiration are slow and regular
  • little body movement, brain and blood are at lowest points of activity
  • 4 stages of NREM (1 = lightest, 4 = deepest)
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16
Q

difference of sleep based on ages?

A

infants = longest sleep time and highest % of REM + deep sleep

middle childhood = fall asleep easily (sleep 8.5 - 9 hrs), awake and alert during the day

teens = get less than 7 hrs but need 2 or more to be alert

17
Q

how many hours do adults sleep, and how is their quality of sleep?

A

they sleep for about 6.5 hours

their sleep is a worse quality, older ppl have more trouble falling asleep, % of REM stays same

18
Q

how much sleep is necessary? aka how much can sleep deprivation effect you?

A

24-48 hrs = anxiety, irritability

48-90 hrs = hallucinations and disordered thinking

72+ hrs = delusions, acute psychosis, toxic delirium

normal sleep can resolve psychotic symptoms (but not always)

19
Q

what are three types of dreams?

A

1- REM rebound
2- REM dreams
3- NREM dreams

20
Q

what is REM rebound?

A

increased amount off REM sleep (occurs after REM deprivation) = nightmares

21
Q

what are REM dreams?

A

story like and dream like quality sleep

22
Q

what are NREM dreams?

A

more thought-like in quality than REM dreams

23
Q

how did sigmund freud view dreams?

A

as a guide to the unconscious, they represented unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see fulfilled

24
Q

how do other psychologists see dreams?

A

they reject freud’s view and see that the direct, overt action of a dream the focal point of its meaning

25
Q

who proposed activation-synthesis theory

A

J. Allan Hobson

26
Q

what is activation synthesis theory?

A

the brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep, this stimulates memories lodged in parts of the brain (to make a logical story line)

27
Q

what are some major sleep disorders?

A
  • narcolepsy (attacks of REM)
  • sleep apnea (no air during sleep)
  • insomnia (trouble sleeping)
  • sleep paralysis (can’t speak or move during sleep)
28
Q

name some parasomnias

A
  • somnambulism (sleepwalking) (arousal in stage 4)
  • sleep terror (begins with a piercing scream) (arousal in stage 4)
  • nightmares
  • somniloquy (sleep talking in any sleep stage) (happens more with children)
29
Q

what is nocturnal lagopthalmos?

A

sleeping with your eyes open, can happen bc of health problems

30
Q

shift work + jetlag?

A

shift work = irregular schedules and rotating sleep shifts
jet lag = plane trip effects sleep schedule immensely

psych (6 decks)

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