Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ethics > Conscience > Flashcards

Conscience Flashcards

1
Q

Synderesis

A

The inner principle directing a person towards good and away form evil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Conscientia

A

A person’s reason making moral judgements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ego

A

The part of our personality that mediates between the id and the demads of social interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Id

A

The instinctive impulses that seek satisfaction in pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Superego

A

The internalised ideals from parents and society that tries to make the ego behave morally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ratio

A
  • our God given reason

- works out what is right to do and what is practicle in given the circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wilkinson and wilcockson

A
  • architect designing a house - he may know what sort of house he wants to build but also needs to recognise the constraints he must work in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vincible ignornace

A

Lack of knowledge for which a person is responsible

- applied reason incorectly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Invinsible ignorance

A

Lack of knowledge for which a person is not responsible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Invinsible ignorance example

A

A men sleeps with a woman who he mistakes for his wide that is not his wife (and she thinks he is her husband), they are not morally responsible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Freuds three aspects of personality

A

Ego, id, superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psychosexual development

A

Oedipus complex - male child pre-sexual development, child develops fixation for mother and views father as an obsticle to develop sexual desires
- child is jealous of father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

freud’s stages

A
  • Oral - 0-1
  • anal - 1-3
  • phallic - 3-6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conscience stems from reason or unconscious mind - Aquinas

A
  • a product of reason
  • God has created
  • have synderisis within us
  • use our conscientia to apply and make moral judgemets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Conscience stems from reason or unconscious mind - freud

A
  • not rational
  • from unconsious mind
  • super ego
  • inner sturggle is subconscious and hidden from us
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Erich Fromm types of conscience

A
  • authoritarian conscience

- humanistic conscience

17
Q

Fromm - Authoritarian conscience

A
  • it is influenced by external authority
  • rules are internalised by person
  • disobedience causes guilt = weakens our power = makes us submissove to
  • Dominate fear of authourity - inner voice
  • eg ordinary germans feel guilty about disobeying the Nazis
18
Q

Fromm - Humanistic conscience

A
  • it assesses and evaluates our behaviour
  • our real self that leads us to reach our full potential
  • Our own inner voice reacting to how well we are functioning in life
  • a higher and more developed conscience
19
Q

Conscience is real and God given - Aquinas

A
  • its real and has been given to us by God through our ratio
  • Paul suggests that the gentiles and conscience regardless of access to the scriptures (OT)
  • (NT) Paul warns that people can damage their conscience by persistently not listening
20
Q

Conscience is real and God given - Newman

A
  • It is the voice of God
  • it is a pre-conditions - without it ther can be no such thing as morality
  • it needs to be obeyed - guilt, fear or shame
  • the conscience that we experience shows God exists
  • we know what is right and wrong through illative sense - feeling of guilt and responsibility
21
Q

Conscience and genetic predisposition

A
  • moral attitudes and thinking has evolved
  • Dawkins - humans are the sum total of their genes
  • genetic explination for morality
  • humans who cooperate with fellow creatures are more likely to pass in their ‘moral genes’
  • we seen good and moral attitudes
22
Q

Conscience as culture, environment and education - freud

A

Our upbringing plays a significant part in our moral views

23
Q

Conscience as cultural, environment and education - Piaget

A

Our moral views develop throguh at least two distinct stages:

  1. Heteronomous = Under 10s view rules as imposed by authourity figuers
  2. Autonomous = Older children understand rules as a thing that human beings make and can change/ there are social perceptions and punishments in proportion with actions
    - most adults use both
24
Q

Guilt freud

A
  • super ego warns us to ignore sexual feelings and punish the ego wuth feelings of inferiority, anxiety and guilt
  • links between God and guilt - God is a father figure, when we give was to our natural desires we feel guilt, we pass this onto our children
  • Guilt happens when we haven’t lived up to standards of authority
25
Q

Guilt aquinas

A
  • synderisis + ratio - we can wrongly apply these and so feel guilt
  • if we do not follow our conscience then we are doing somethig which our reason tells us is not good. We must always follow our conscience
  • if we feel guilt then we must work out if we are vinsibly or invincibly ignorat
  • guilt happens becuase we have failed to live upto an absolute standard of goodness
26
Q

God - freud

A
  • sees God as an ilusion

- there are links between God and guilt

27
Q

God - Aquinas

A
  • he is designer of our human nature
  • written in our design both synderesis and ratio
  • to do what is good we must fulfil our telos and live up to the absolute standard of goodness for human beings
28
Q

Strengths of freud

A
  • see his explinations as scientific fact
  • Piget finds some truth in his arguement - children do not question what is right and wrong until they developed an autonomous morality
  • Dawkins - dissmissed God as an objective truth
  • clear that parents and environment affect our moral and ethical ideas
  • recognises the importance of childhood and role of parents in moral development
  • explains why morals are so different
29
Q

weakness of freud

A
  • he link morality to upbringing - suggests we would have different moral views - there is no objective moral truth that we all have access to
  • his work can’t be falsified so it isn’t scientific
  • Freud only explains conscience as guilt, does not explain why some people seem driven to stand up agains authority rather than in obedience to it
  • ignores later life experience
  • does it make parents responsible for what there children do?/ what if parents are immoral
  • what about children from modern families eg single parents?
30
Q

Strengths aquinas

A
  • explains why God might give conflicting messages - if christians disagree then at least one side has wrongly applied their reason
  • it explains how we can change our minds on moral issues
  • highly influential view - supported by Catholic Church
  • clear set authority/guidance - supported by the bible
  • everyone can experience reason
  • included knowledge and reasoning as well as religion so everyone can apply it
31
Q

Weaknesses Aquinas

A
  • conscience feels more intuitive - we ‘feel’ first and then apply reason later (conscience is a gut reaction)
  • what is right differs even when we apply ratio as a result of social and environemntal factors
  • tension between the view that conscience can make mistakes and that you should always obey your conscience
  • some acts can never be morally blameless
  • assumes that good and evil are the same for everyone
  • what happens if you don’t believe in God
32
Q

Conscience - augustine

A
  • voice of God speaking to us
  • considered most seriously
  • ‘see God as your witness’
  • people are able to sense right and wrong because God reveals it to us personally
33
Q

Conscience - Joseph butler

A
  • essential part of being human
  • separates us from animals
  • it is what we use to judge an action good or bad
  • automatic and authoritative
  • exerts itself spontaneously ‘without being consulted’
  • has the final say in moral choices
  • God-given guide to right conduct
  • should always be followed
  • it is ‘our natural guide, the guide assigned to us by the Author of our nature’

Ethics (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions