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A&P After Midterm Saint > Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

How do you classify connective tissues?

A

embryonic and mature

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2
Q

What type of connective tissue is mesenchyme? Give examples

A

embryonic: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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3
Q

What type of connective tissue is mucous connective tissue? Give example

A

embryonic: umbillical cord

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4
Q

What are the six types of mature connective tissue?

A

loose, dense, cartilage, bone, blood, lymph

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5
Q

When in life is mature connective tissue present? Where is it developed?

A

present after birth, developed from the mesenchyme

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6
Q

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

A

areolar, adipose, reticular

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7
Q

Which type of loose connective tissue is the most widely distributed?

A

areolar

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8
Q

Adipocyte have one single ___________ droplet

A

triglyceride

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9
Q

What loose connective tissue is the stroma of organs, for example, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes?

A

reticular

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10
Q

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

A

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

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11
Q

What is dense regular tissue?

A

collagen arranged in bundles

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12
Q

What is dense irregular tissue?

A

collagen arranged irregularly

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13
Q

What is elastic dense connective tissue?

A

contains elastic fibres

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14
Q

Give 3 examples of dense regular tissue

A

forms tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

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15
Q

Give 3 examples of dense irregular tissue

A

forms muscle fascia, fibrous pericardium, periosteum

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16
Q

Give 4 examples of elastic dense connective tissue

A

lung, artery, trachea, bronchial tubes

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17
Q

What is cartilage?

A

a dense network of collagen and elastic fibres embedded in chondroitin sulfate

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18
Q

What gives cartilage its strength?

A

collagen

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19
Q

What gives cartilage its resilience and allows it to re-assume its original shape after deformity?

A

chondroitin

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20
Q

What are cartilage cells called?

A

chondrocytes

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21
Q

Where do chondrocytes occur?

A

within spaces called lacunae in the matrix

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22
Q

What is the surface of most cartilage covered by? What does it contain? Are there exceptions?

A

perichondrium which contains BV and nerves. Exceptions: articular cartilage and growth plate cartilage

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23
Q

What are the functions of cartilage?

A

plays important role as supporting tissue and is the precursor of bone and growth plates within bones

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24
Q

True or false: cartilage is a relatively active tissue, grows quickly and repair proceeds quickly

A

False: cartilage is a relatively INACTIVE tissue, grows SLOWLY and repair proceeds SLOWLY

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25
Q

What are the two patterns of cartilage growth?

A

interstitial and oppositional

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26
Q

Describe interstitial cartilage growth

A

occurs during childhood and adolescence, the expansion occurs from within like bread rising

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27
Q

Describe oppositional cartilage growth

A

Starts later. Growth occurs at the outer surface. Cells of Perichondrium differentiate into Chondroblasts

28
Q

Does cartilage have nerves and blood vessels?

A

Does not have nerves, does not have blood vessels

29
Q

Why doesn’t cartilage have blood vessels?

A

Secretes a substance preventing blood vessel growth!

30
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline Cartilage
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic Cartilage
31
Q

What is the most abundant types of cartilage?

A

The Hyaline Cartilage

32
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage located?

A 
Located in:
• Ends of long bones
• Costal cartilage
• Nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi
• Embryonic and fetal skeleton
33
Q

What is the weakest type of cartilage? Why?

A

The Hyaline Cartilage. Weakest type of cartilage. Has

no fibers in the matrix

34
Q

In what type of cartilage are the chondrocytes located among bundles of collagen fibers?

A

The Fibrocartilage

35
Q

What type of cartilage lacks perichondrium

A

The Fibrocartilage

36
Q

Where is fibrocartilage present?

A

Present in:
• Pubic symphysis
• Intervertebral discs
• Menisci

37
Q

What is the strongest type of cartilage?

A

The Fibrocartilage

38
Q

In what type of cartilage are the chondrocytes placed in a threadlike network of elastic fibers?

A

The Elastic Cartilage

39
Q

In elastic cartilage is the perichondrium present?

A

Yes

40
Q

Where is elastic cartilage present?

A

Present in:
• Epiglottis
• External ear

41
Q

What tissues are bones composed of?

A
  1. Osseous tissue
  2. Periosteum
  3. Red and Yellow Bone Marrow
  4. Endosteum
42
Q

What are the 4 types of cells that osseous tissue contains?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor cells (bone stem cells able to differentiate into the other
    types of cells)
  2. Osteoblasts (bone-building cells that secrete matrix)
  3. Osteocytes (mature bone cells)
  4. Osteoclasts (remodel bones and cause them to release calcium)
43
Q

What do osteoprogenitor cells do?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells (bone stem cells able to differentiate into the other types of cells)

44
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

Osteoblasts (bone-building cells that secrete matrix)

45
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Osteocytes (mature bone cells)

46
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A

Osteoclasts (remodel bones and cause them to release calcium)

47
Q

How do you classify bones?

A
  1. Compact Bone

2. Spongy Bone

48
Q

What is the basic unit of compact bone?

A

The basic unit is the osteon

49
Q

What are lamellae?

A

Concentric rings of mineral

50
Q

What are lacunae?

A

Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

51
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

Routes for nutrients and waste exchange for

osteocytes

52
Q

What is a central canal?

A

Contain blood vessels

53
Q

What is spongy bone also known as?

A

Cancellous Bone

54
Q

Spongy bone consists of columns of bone called____________ that contains:_______,_________,_______

A

Consists of columns of bone called trabeculae, which contains:
• Lamellae
• Osteocytes in lacunae
• Canaliculi

55
Q

What does compact bone have that spongy bone does not?

A

A Central Canal

56
Q

How are the osteons aligned in compact bone? What is the result?

A

• Aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the diaphysis
• Provides high resistance

57
Q

How are osteons in spongy bone aligned?

A

Does not contain osteons. Consists

of trabeculae

58
Q

What is the periosteum

A

Tough connective tissue sheath and
associated blood supply covering the
bone, except the articulating surfaces

59
Q

What is the periosteum composed of?

A

Composed of two layers:
• Outer fibrous layer
• Dense irregular connective tissue

• Inner osteogenic layer
• Composed of cells that enable bone
thickness growth

60
Q

How does the periosteum protect the bone?

A 
Protects the bone attaching to it by
perforating fibers (Sharpey’s fibers)
61
Q

Other than protecting the bone, what are the functions of the periosteum?

A

• Assists in fracture repair
• Helps nourishing the bone
• Serves as an attachment point for
ligaments and tendons

62
Q

What is the endosteum

A

• Lines the medullary cavity
• Single layer of bone-forming cells
• Contributes to the thickening of the
bone

63
Q

Describe yellow bone marrow

A 
• Fatty tissue occupying the marrow
cavity within the diaphysis
• Stores triglycerides as potential
chemical energy reserve
• Contributes minimizing the weight
of long bones without compromising
strength
64
Q

Describe red bone marrow

A 
• Connective tissue that generates the
blood cells by hemopoiesis
• Consists of developing blood cells,
adipocytes, fibroblasts, and
macrophages within a network of
reticular fibers.
• Only present in some bones in the
adult: coxal, sternum, vertebral bodies,
ribs, and skull
65
Q

What bones is red bone marrow present?

A

Infants
• Only present in some bones in the
adult: coxal, sternum, vertebral bodies,
ribs, and skull

66
Q

Does an infant skeleton (<1yr) contain only red or only yellow bone marrow?

A

Red

A&P After Midterm Saint (8 decks)

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