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EoM > Connective Tissue And Fat > Flashcards

Connective Tissue And Fat Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Connective Tissues

A
  • Loose irregular
  • Dense irregular
  • Dense regular
  • Adipose tissue
    1) Structural found in skeleton (cartilage and bone)
    2) blood
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2
Q

Composition of Connective Tissue

A
  • Cells: fibrocytes, fibroblasts, blood cells, adipocytes
  • Matrix: PGs, GAGs, glycoproteins, tissue fluid
  • Fibers: collagen, reticular, elastic
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3
Q

Function of connective tissues

A

1) supports and connects cells, tissues, and organs, allows blood vessels and nerves to come in proximity to epithelial
2) provides medium for exchange of gasses, nutrients, and metabolites
3) contains cells of the immune system that protect the organism from invasion of foreign material
4) Fibers provide strength and or flexibility depending on the location and type

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4
Q

Fibroblasts

A
  • active in producing fibers and matrix

- spindle shaped with small, dark staining nucleus

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5
Q

Fibrocytes

A

-inactive, resting fibroblasts

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6
Q

Adipocytes

A

1) unilocular- one large lipid droplet found in white fat
2) multilocular - many smaller lipid droplets found in brown fat
3) may occur singly or in groups

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7
Q

Mast cells

A
  • oval cells with many dark staining, basophilic granules
  • located close to blood vessels
  • leukotrienes released from cell membrane ave vasoactive properties (asthma)
  • granules contain histamine, heparin, and chemoattractants
  • granules released in response to allergens or irritants
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8
Q

Macrophages (Histiocytes)

A
  • phagocytic cells derived from circulating monocytes
  • called histiocytes when resident in the connective tissue
  • phagocytize foreign material and stimulate immune responses
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9
Q

Leukocytes

A
  • neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes

- defense against infection

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10
Q

Plasma cells

A
  • activated lymphocytes that produce immunoglobulins

- defense against infection

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11
Q

Matrix Function

A
  • in connective tissue, GAGs hold water to make a gel which provides spaces for cells and capillary beds and a diffusion medium for nutrients
  • make tissues able to withstand compression, in dermis makes skin supple, in cartilage makes it strong, flexible plastic-like bearing surfaces for joint
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12
Q

Tissue Fluid

A

-formed by transcytosis of fluid through capillary endothelial cell

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13
Q

Collagen in connective tissue

A

Type 1 - primary collagen, high tensile strength, stains pink to orange with H&E
Type 2 - found in hyaline and elastic cartilage and the vitreous of the eye, resists pressure
Type 3 - branching collagen that makes reticular fibers, form fine mesh that hold some tissues together (lymphoid organs)
Type 4 - network forming collagen found in basement membranes

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14
Q

Reticular fibers

A
  • made of type 3 collagen
  • forms a mesh of fibers that support lymphoid organs, blood vessels, muscle cells and nerves
  • requires special stain
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15
Q

Elastic fibers

A
  • made of elastin
  • synthesized by fibroblasts in skin and tendons, chondrocytes in cartilage and by smooth muscle cells in large blood vessels
  • found in locations where stretching and recoil is necessary ( bladder, large blood vessels, and lungs)
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16
Q

Loose irregular classification

A
  • large amount of matrix
  • irregular orientation of fibers
  • many cells
17
Q

Dense irregular Classification

A
  • more fibers more densely packed
  • irregular orientation
  • fewer cells and less matrix
18
Q

Dense regular classification

A
  • more densely packed fibers
  • regular, parallel orientation
  • fewer cells
19
Q

Loose Irregular

A
  • high in matrix, low in fibers, and cell numbers vary but typically greater than other CTs
  • contain capillary beds
  • diffusion in matrix provides waste and nutrients exchange with capillaries
  • where immune cells guard against bacteria
20
Q

Loose Irregular Cells

A
  • Lymphocyts - small round cells with dark nucleus
    -Macrophagges - differentiated from monocytes, large, pale, oval nucleus, slight indentation with nucleolus
    -Eosinophils- large eosinophilic granules, lobed nucleus
    Plasma cells - round eccentric nucleus, clock face appearance of chromatin, small amount of pale cytoplasm, differentiate from lymphocyte, secret antibodies
21
Q

Dense Irregular CT

A
  • similar to loose CT but: Random orientation of thicker fibers provides strength and resists pull in all directions, less matrix, fewer cells
  • Found as: fascia and dermis of skin, capsules and septa for all glands and organs, periosteum, perichondrium, epimysium, epineurium, dura, submucosa of GI and respiratory tract
22
Q

Dense Regular CT

A
  • primarily type 1 collagen
  • fibers run in a parallel direction, promotes strength in the long axis of the fibers
  • minimal matrix
23
Q

Tendons

A
  • Regular CT
  • attach muscle to bone
  • bundles of fibers separated by small amount of dense irregular connective tissue where cells are located and carrying blood vessels
24
Q

Ligaments

A
  • Dense CT
  • attach bone to bone
  • similar to tendons but more elastic fibers allow more stretch and flexibility
25
Q

Adipose Tissue

A
  • white or brown, derived from mesenchymal cells
  • mostly cells surrounded by a little loose CT, cells appear empty because the fat is lost during the preparation of the slides
  • groups of cells give a chicken wire appearance
  • storage depot for triglycerides
26
Q

White Fat

A
  • unilocular
  • large cells
  • stored as a single fat droplet free in cytoplasm, droplet displaces the nucleus to one side of the cell giving it “signet ring” appearance
  • numbers of adipocytes can increase during periods of estrogen hormonal change (puberty) or high fat intake
27
Q

Brown Fat

A
  • multilocular
  • multiple fat droplets
  • no shivering thermogenesis in infants
  • found in neck, back, and around organs to maintain core temp
  • massive blood supply
  • large, abundant mitochondria
  • color from blood in capillaries and mitochondrial cytochromes
  • highest metabolic capacity in the body

EoM (17 decks)

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